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商品簡介
This systematic introduction to the topic includes theoretical concepts to help readers understand and predict surface forces, while also integrating experimental techniques and practical applications with up-to-date examples plus motivating exercises. Starting with intermolecular forces, the authors discuss different surfaces forces, with a major part devoted to surface forces between solid surfaces in liquid media. In addition, they cover surface forces between liquid-vapor interfaces and between liquid-liquid interfaces.
作者簡介
Hans-Jurgen Butt taught physical chemistry at the universities of Mainz and Siegen before he joined the Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research as a director. Since 2002 he is head of the Department for Polymer Physics. The members of his group dedicate their activities to research in surfaces and interfaces including the interaction of macromolecules with other materials, macromolecules at surfaces and interfaces, molecular recognition, composite materials. Michael Kappl received his PhD from the Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysics in Frankfurt and worked at the University of Mainz and Siegen. Since 2002 he is a project leader at the Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research in Mainz. He concentrates his research activities on Surface Forces and the Interactions of Particle Bubbles as wall as Monolayer Particles.
目次
Preface.
Symbols and Abbreviations.
1 Introduction.
2 Van der Waals Forces.
2.1 Van der Waals Forces Between Molecules.
2.2 The Van der Waals Force Between Macroscopic Solids.
2.3 The Derjaguin Approximation.
2.4 Retarded Van der Waals Forces.
2.5 Measurement of Van der Waals Forces.
2.6 The Casimir Force.
2.7 Summary.
2.8 Exercises.
3 Experimental Methods.
3.1 Surface Forces Apparatus.
3.2 Atomic Force Microscope.
3.3 Optical Tweezers.
3.4 Total Internal Reflection Microscopy.
3.5 Magnetic Tweezers.
3.6 Summary.
3.7 Exercises.
4 Electrostatic Double-Layer Forces.
4.1 The Electric Double Layer.
4.2 Poisson–Boltzmann Theory of the Diffuse Double Layer.
4.3 Beyond Poisson–Boltzmann Theory.
4.4 The Gibbs Energy of the Electric Double Layer.
4.5 The Electrostatic Double-Layer Force.
4.6 The DLVO Theory.
4.7 Electrostatic Forces in Nonpolar Media.
4.8 Summary.
4.9 Exercises.
5 Capillary Forces.
5.1 Equation of Young and Laplace.
5.2 Kelvin Equation and Capillary Condensation.
5.3 The Young’s Equation.
5.4 Capillary Forces Calculated with the Circular Approximation.
5.5 Influence of Roughness.
5.6 Kinetics of Capillary Bridge Formation and Rupture.
5.7 Capillary Forces in Immiscible liquid Mixtures and Other Systems.
5.8 Lateral Forces Between Particles at a Fluid Interface.
5.9 Summary.
5.10 Exercises.
6 Hydrodynamic Forces.
6.1 Fundamentals of Hydrodynamics.
6.2 Hydrodynamic Force between a Solid Sphere and a Plate.
6.3 Hydrodynamic Boundary Condition.
6.4 Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm.
6.5 Hydrodynamic Forces Between Fluid Boundaries.
6.6 Summary.
6.7 Exercises.
7 Interfacial Forces Between Fluid Interfaces and Across Thin Films.
7.1 Overview.
7.2 The Disjoining Pressure.
7.3 Drainage.
7.4 Thin Film Balance.
7.5 Interfacial Forces Across Foam and Emulsion Films.
7.6 Thin Wetting Films.
7.7 Summary.
7.8 Exercises.
8 Contact Mechanics and Adhesion.
8.1 Surface Energy of Solids.
8.2 Contact Mechanics.
8.3 Influence of Surface Roughness.
8.4 Adhesion Force Measurements.
8.5 Summary.
8.6 Exercises.
9 Friction.
9.1 Macroscopic Friction.
9.1.1 Dry Friction.
9.2 Lubrication.
9.3 Microscopic Friction: Nanotribology.
9.4 Summary.
9.5 Exercises.
10 Solvation Forces and Non-DLVO Forces in Water.
10.1 Solvation Forces.
10.2 Non-DLVO Forces in an Aqueous Medium.
10.3 The Interaction Between Lipid Bilayers.
10.4 Force Between Surfaces with Adsorbed Molecules.
10.5 Summary.
10.6 Exercises.
11 Surface Forces in Polymer Solutions and Melts.
11.1 Properties of Polymers.
11.2 Polymer Solutions.
11.3 Steric Repulsion.
11.4 Polymer-Induced Forces in Solutions.
11.5 Bridging Attraction.
11.6 Depletion and Structural Forces.
11.7 Interfacial Forces in Polymer Melts.
11.8 Summary.
11.9 Exercises.
12 Solutions to Exercises.
Chapter 2.
Chapter 3.
Chapter 4.
Chapter 5.
Chapter 6.
Chapter 7.
Chapter 8.
Chapter 9.
Chapter 10.
Chapter 11.
References.
Index.
Symbols and Abbreviations.
1 Introduction.
2 Van der Waals Forces.
2.1 Van der Waals Forces Between Molecules.
2.2 The Van der Waals Force Between Macroscopic Solids.
2.3 The Derjaguin Approximation.
2.4 Retarded Van der Waals Forces.
2.5 Measurement of Van der Waals Forces.
2.6 The Casimir Force.
2.7 Summary.
2.8 Exercises.
3 Experimental Methods.
3.1 Surface Forces Apparatus.
3.2 Atomic Force Microscope.
3.3 Optical Tweezers.
3.4 Total Internal Reflection Microscopy.
3.5 Magnetic Tweezers.
3.6 Summary.
3.7 Exercises.
4 Electrostatic Double-Layer Forces.
4.1 The Electric Double Layer.
4.2 Poisson–Boltzmann Theory of the Diffuse Double Layer.
4.3 Beyond Poisson–Boltzmann Theory.
4.4 The Gibbs Energy of the Electric Double Layer.
4.5 The Electrostatic Double-Layer Force.
4.6 The DLVO Theory.
4.7 Electrostatic Forces in Nonpolar Media.
4.8 Summary.
4.9 Exercises.
5 Capillary Forces.
5.1 Equation of Young and Laplace.
5.2 Kelvin Equation and Capillary Condensation.
5.3 The Young’s Equation.
5.4 Capillary Forces Calculated with the Circular Approximation.
5.5 Influence of Roughness.
5.6 Kinetics of Capillary Bridge Formation and Rupture.
5.7 Capillary Forces in Immiscible liquid Mixtures and Other Systems.
5.8 Lateral Forces Between Particles at a Fluid Interface.
5.9 Summary.
5.10 Exercises.
6 Hydrodynamic Forces.
6.1 Fundamentals of Hydrodynamics.
6.2 Hydrodynamic Force between a Solid Sphere and a Plate.
6.3 Hydrodynamic Boundary Condition.
6.4 Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm.
6.5 Hydrodynamic Forces Between Fluid Boundaries.
6.6 Summary.
6.7 Exercises.
7 Interfacial Forces Between Fluid Interfaces and Across Thin Films.
7.1 Overview.
7.2 The Disjoining Pressure.
7.3 Drainage.
7.4 Thin Film Balance.
7.5 Interfacial Forces Across Foam and Emulsion Films.
7.6 Thin Wetting Films.
7.7 Summary.
7.8 Exercises.
8 Contact Mechanics and Adhesion.
8.1 Surface Energy of Solids.
8.2 Contact Mechanics.
8.3 Influence of Surface Roughness.
8.4 Adhesion Force Measurements.
8.5 Summary.
8.6 Exercises.
9 Friction.
9.1 Macroscopic Friction.
9.1.1 Dry Friction.
9.2 Lubrication.
9.3 Microscopic Friction: Nanotribology.
9.4 Summary.
9.5 Exercises.
10 Solvation Forces and Non-DLVO Forces in Water.
10.1 Solvation Forces.
10.2 Non-DLVO Forces in an Aqueous Medium.
10.3 The Interaction Between Lipid Bilayers.
10.4 Force Between Surfaces with Adsorbed Molecules.
10.5 Summary.
10.6 Exercises.
11 Surface Forces in Polymer Solutions and Melts.
11.1 Properties of Polymers.
11.2 Polymer Solutions.
11.3 Steric Repulsion.
11.4 Polymer-Induced Forces in Solutions.
11.5 Bridging Attraction.
11.6 Depletion and Structural Forces.
11.7 Interfacial Forces in Polymer Melts.
11.8 Summary.
11.9 Exercises.
12 Solutions to Exercises.
Chapter 2.
Chapter 3.
Chapter 4.
Chapter 5.
Chapter 6.
Chapter 7.
Chapter 8.
Chapter 9.
Chapter 10.
Chapter 11.
References.
Index.
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