美國醫師執照考試：藥理學(第3版英文)（簡體書）

《美國醫師執照考試叢書：High-Yield藥理學（第3版）》主要特色：1.內容高度概括，重點突出有利於讀者快速掌握學科的核心知識。2.編排新穎、既有基礎知識要點的介紹，又有以疾病為核心的綜合歸納，並體現了相關學科的橫向聯繫。3.語言規範、地道，既有利於讀者快速掌握專業詞匯，又有利於醫學英語思維的培養。
《美國醫師執照考試叢書：High-Yield藥理學（第3版）》是參加美國醫師執照考試的必備輔導用書，也可作為我國醫學院校從事雙語教學的教材和參考用書，對教師進行英語授課，學生學習、參加考試具有重要的參考價值。

《美國醫師執照考試:High-Yield藥理學(第3版)》由北京大學醫學出版社出版。

3. The side effects include:
a. ltyperkalemia, due to reduced aldosterone levels.
b. Hypotension.
c. Coughing, due to increased bradykinin.
d. Skin rashes and angioedema.
e. Fetal toxicity. ACE inhibitors should not be used during pregnancy.
f. Excessive reduction of pressure in the glomerulus due to dilation of the efferent renal arterioles. ACE inhibitors should be avoided in patients with renalartery stenosis.
4. Captopril (Capoten) is the prototype ACE inhibitor.
a. It reduces angiotensin synthesis and lowers blood pressure by
ⅰ. Vasodilation
ⅱ. Reduction of aldosterone release, which increases the loss of water
b. There are no autonomic effects and no changes in LDL cholesterol.
S. Enalapril (Vasotec) and lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) have the same effects as captopril, but they have longer durations of action. AT1 ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTORS can be inhibited by angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) such as losartan (Cozaar) and candesartan (Atacand).
1. Effects are similar to those from ACE inhibitors. ARBs can therefore be used to treat CHF or hypertensive patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors.
2. Coughing is less common because ACE is not inhibited and bradykinin levels do not rise.
3. However, ARBs are also fetotoxic and should not be used in pregnancy.G. CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS (e.g., amlodipine [Norvascl) vasodilate arterioles and reduce blood pressure.
1. They have no autonomic side effects and do not change LDL cholesterol.
2. There is an increased risk of heart attack or stroke with the short-acting dihydropyridines such as nifedinine.