新托福考試專項進階：中級寫作（簡體書）

《新托福考試專項進階》系列叢書從托福考試所考查的聽、說、讀、寫四項技能入手，為考生提供了詳盡的考試指導，并將各技能分為初、中、高三級，通過獨特的“進階訓練”方式，再輔以大量練習，讓考生逐步掌握托福實考的技巧，同時切實提高英語實際運用能力，從而在短期內輕鬆取得托福高分。本叢書內容編排由易到難，循序漸進，實戰性強，是不可多得的托福備考資料。
本叢書引進自韓國多樂園出版社。該社成立于1977年，在韓國英語教育出版領域始終處于領軍地位。本叢書被韓國眾多學校和培訓機構指定為課堂教材，在托福考生中享有較高聲譽。

Michael A. Putlack：畢業於美國塔夫茨大學，TOEFL、TOEIC、TEPS教育專家，對托福考試有著深入了解，參與編寫《新托福考試專項進階——聽力模擬試題（下）》。

Will Link：畢業於美國佛羅里達大學，文學碩士，對托福考試有著深入了解和研究，參與編寫《新托福考試專項進階——中級聽力》。

Stephen Poirier：畢業於加拿大韋仕敦大學，歷史學碩士，對托福考試的命題與備考有著深入了解，參與編寫《新托福考試專項進階——聽力模擬試題（下）》。

How to Master Skills for the TOEFL iBT Writing Intermediate is designed to beused either as a textbook for a TOEFL iBT writing preparation course or as a tool for individuallearners who are preparing for the TOEFL test on their own. With a total of 16 units note-taking outlining paraphrasing and summarizing practice
A list of essay topics reconstructed from the ones that have so far been asked on the TOEF L iBT
Two complete tests that familiarize students with the actual test format
Full answer key and Chinese translations

Introduction

A. Information on the TOEFL® iBT

The Format of the TOEFL® iBT

SectionNumber of QuestionsTimingScoreReading• 3~4 Passages - approximately 700 words each - 10 questions per passage54~72 min.30 pointsListening• 2~3 Conversations - 12~25 exchanges each (3 min.) - 5 questions per conversation• 3~4 Lectures - 500~750 words each (4~5 min.) - 6 questions per lecture41~57 min.30 pointsBREAK 10 min. Speaking• 1 Independent Task (preparation: 15 sec. / response: 45 sec.) ① 1 paired choice• 2 Integrated Tasks: Read-Listen-Speak (preparation: 30 sec. / response: 60 sec.) ① 1 campus situation topic - reading: 80~110 words (45 sec.) - conversation: 150~180 words (60~80 sec.) ② 1 academic course topic - reading: 80~110 words (45 sec.) - lecture: 150~220 words (60~90 sec.)• 1 Integrated Task: Listen-Speak (preparation: 20 sec. / response: 60 sec.) ① 1 academic course topic - lecture:230~280 words (90~120 sec.)17 min.30 pointsWriting• 1 Integrated Task: Read-Listen-Write (20 min.) - reading: 250~300 words (3 min.) - lecture: 250~320 words (2 min.) - a summary of 150~225 words• 1 Independent Task (30 min.) - a minimum 300-word essay50 min.30 points

B. Information on the Writing Section

The Writing section of the TOEFL® iBT measures test takers' ability to use writing to communicate in an academic environment. This section has two writing tasks. For the first writing task, you will read a passage and listen to a lecture and then answer a question based on what you have read and heard. For the second writing task, you will answer a question based on your own knowledge and experience.

1. Types of Writing Tasks

(1) Integrated Writing Task

● Read – You will read a short text of about 250~300 words on an academic topic for 3 minutes. You may take notes on the reading passage.

● Listen– After reading the text, you will listen to a lecture discussing the same topic from a different perspective for about 2 minutes. You may take notes on the lecture.

● Write– You will have 20 minutes to write a 150- to 225-word summary in response to the following kinds of questions:

Casting Doubt

_ Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.

_ Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge specific claims/arguments made in the reading passage.

cf. This question type accounts for almost all the questions that have been asked on the TOEFL® iBT so far.

Problem-Solution

_ Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they answer the problems raised in the reading passage.

(2) Independent Writing Task

You will have 30 minutes to write an essay of at least 300 words in response to the following kinds of questions:

Agree/Disagree

_ Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? [A sentence or sentences that present an issue] Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

cf. This question type accounts for almost all the essay topics that have been asked on the TOEFL® iBT so far.

Preference

_ Some people say X. Others believe Y. Which opinion do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

_ Some people do X. Others people do Y. Which do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

2. Writing Scoring Rubrics

(1) Integrated Task (Question 1)

Your response to the Integrated Task will be scored according to these criteria:

ScoreTask Description5A response at this level is a well-organized summary of the lecture in connection with the reading. The response includes important points made in the lecture and appropriately explains how they are related to important points made in the reading. It shows appropriate language structure and usage, with only occasional minor errors which do not interfere with conveying information and connections.4A response at this level contains most of the important points from the lecture and the reading and is generally good in relating the information from the lecture to that of the reading. But it may omit some points or explain them imprecisely. It may also show noticeable minor language errors or an occasional lack of clarity.3A response at this level includes some important information from the lecture and connects it with the relevant information from the reading. But it may omit one key point made in the lecture and shows only limited understanding of the information. Some content or connections between ideas may be incomplete or incorrect; errors in grammar or usage make some sentences unclear.2A response at this level does not include sufficient relevant information from the lecture and the reading and is not successful in relating the information from the lecture to that from the reading. It is characterized by language errors or expressions that make it difficult for the reader to understand key ideas or to follow connections among ideas.1A response at this level contains little or no important points from the lecture and fails to relate information from the lecture and the reading. It is poorly written and contains so many language errors that it is difficult to understand it.0A response at this level only copies sentences from the reading, is not related to the topic, is written in a language other than English, or is blank.

(2) Independent Task (Question 2)

Your essay for the Independent Task will be scored according to these criteria:

ScoreTask Description5An essay at this level effectively responds to the topic and task by clearly stating an opinion and is easy to understand. It is well organized and shows unity, progression, and coherence. It is well developed with clearly appropriate examples, reasons, and/or details, and it displays a good command of language, including a variety of sentence structures and well-suited choices of words and idioms to express ideas.4An essay at this level responds to the topic and task well, but some points may not be fully supported. It is generally well organized and shows unity, progression, and coherence with only occasional redundancy or lack of clarity. It also is generally well developed with appropriate examples, reasons, and/or details, and it demonstrates a good use of language,including various sentence structures and range of vocabulary with occasional language errors that do not obscure the meaning.3An essay at this level responds to the topic and task on a basic level with somewhat developed examples, reasons, and/or details. It shows unity, progression, and coherence in spite of occasional, unclear connections among ideas. It is also characterized by correct but limited use of grammar and vocabulary, including errors in sentence formation and word choice that may make some sentences unclear or difficult to understand.2An essay at this level displays limited development in response to the topic and task, with inappropriate or insufficient supporting details.It has poor organization or connections among ideas and is marked by obviously inappropriate word choice or word forms and an accumulation of errors in grammar and/or usage.1An essay at this level responds to the task confusingly. It lacks any organization and development. It contains little or no detail or details that are not related to the task, and it shows serious and frequent errors in grammar and usage.0An essay at this level only contains words from the topic, is not related to the topic, is written in a language other than English, or is blank.0An essay at this level only contains words from the topic, is not related to the topic, is written in a language other than English, or is blank.0An essay at this level only contains words from the topic, is not related to the topic, is written in a language other than English, or is blank.

 

Contents
Introduction
How to Use This Book
PART 1 Integrated Writing
Chapter 1 Casting Doubt
Unit 1 Technology
Unit 2 Environment I
Unit 3 Sociopolitics
Unit 4 Environment II
Unit 5 Education
Chapter 2 Problem-Solution
Unit 6 Business
Unit 7 Education
Unit 8 Environment
PART 2 Independent Writing
Chapter 3 Agree / Disagree
Unit 09 Living & Thinking
Unit 10 Culture & Leisure
Unit 11 School & Education I
Unit 12 School & Education II
Unit 13 Environment & Science
Chapter 4 Preference
Unit 14 Family & Society
Unit 15 Environment & Technology
Unit 16 Business & Economy
Essential Essay Topics
Actual Tests
Contents (Answer Book)
PART 1 Integrated Writing
Chapter 1 Casting Doubt
Unit 1 Technology
Unit 2 Environment I
Unit 3 Sociopolitics
Unit 4 Environment II
Unit 5 Education
Chapter 2 Problem-Solution
Unit 6 Business
Unit 7 Education
Unit 8 Environment
PART 2 Independent Writing
Chapter 3 Agree / Disagree
Unit 9 Living & Thinking
Unit 10 Culture & Leisure
Unit 11 School & Education I
Unit 12 School & Education II
Unit 13 Environment & Science
Chapter 4 Preference
Unit 14 Family & Society
Unit 15 Environment & Technology
Unit 16 Business & Economy
Actual Tests
Actual Test 01
Actual Test 02

現在很多人都指責電影和電視對年輕人有消極影響。我卻完全不同意這種觀點，因為好的電影和電視節目具有很強的教育意義並能激人上進。
當然，現在的電視和電影上也有很多垃圾。但是，如果父母能夠引導自己的孩子讓他們看一些值得看的節目，比方說紀錄片甚至是新聞，那麼孩子就能夠從中學到很多重要的知識，而不僅僅是娛樂了。舉個例子，我爸爸一直很喜歡看《動物世界》的紀錄片節目，在他的影響下，我也喜歡上了這個節目。之前，我從來都沒有想過我會對動物如此著迷，也從來沒想到動物的生活是那麼複雜。事實上，現在我甚至一直在考慮將來要做一名獸醫，主要的原因就是我看了《動物世界》。沒有電視，我可能到現在還不知道我將來想做什麼工作呢。所以電影和電視對於現在的年輕人絕對有積極的影響。
其次，電影和電視能夠開闊我們的視野，增加對世界的認識。沒有了視覺傳媒，我們的世界將會變得很小。有些節目還能促使我們去把我們居住的這個世界變得更好。這樣，電影和電視通過鼓勵年輕人去改變世界而積極地影響著他們。舉個例子，我經常看“探索頻道”，其中有很多節目是關於非洲地區人們所面臨的疾病和食物短缺問題。後來，在我父母的幫助之下，我開始每個月捐一點錢去幫助非洲的人們。沒有電視，我永遠也不會知道非洲人民的生活情況是那麼的糟糕，也不會試圖要去幫助他們。因為電視，我才有了動機去幫助那些生活在遙遠的土地上貧窮而絕望的陌生人。
總而言之，電影和電視對年輕人有著積極的影響，因為它們能讓人們了解世界，並促使人們去做一些好事。電視為我們展現了周圍世界，而且只要不去看那些毫無價值的節目，它對於我們每個人的生活都有著積極的影響。
……