Plasma Physics and Engineering

Plasma plays an important role in a wide variety of industrial processes, including material processing, environmental control, electronic chip manufacturing, light sources, and green energy, not to mention fuel conversion and hydrogen production, biomedicine, flow control, catalysis, and space propulsion.
Following the general outline of the bestselling first edition, Plasma Physics and Engineering, Second Edition provides a clear fundamental introduction to all aspects of the modern field. Reflecting recent scientific and technological developments, this resource will be useful to engineers, scientists, and students working with the physics, engineering, chemistry, and combustion of plasma, as well as chemical physics, lasers, electronics, new methods of material treatment, fuel conversion, and environmental control.
The book includes many enhancements and some totally new coverage of fundamental subjects such as:


* Interaction and dynamics of streamers


* Plasma-flow interaction


* High-speed plasma aerodynamics


* Plasma-surface interaction


* Mechanisms and kinetics of plasma-medical processes


Along with these new topics and deeper coverage of material from the first book, this edition presents two new chapters on microdischarges and discharges in liquids. It also contains an extensive database on plasma kinetics and thermodynamics, many helpful numerical formulas for practical calculations, and an array of problems and concept questions. PowerPoint™ slides and a solutions manual are available for qualifying instructors who adopt this book for their courses.

Prof. Alexander Fridman is Nyheim Chair Professor of Drexel University and Director of Drexel Plasma Institute. His research focuses on plasma approaches to material treatment, fuel conversion and environmental control. Prof. Fridman has over 30 years of plasma research in national laboratories and universities of Russia, France, and the United States. He has published 5 books and 350 papers, and received numerous honors for his work, including Stanley Kaplan Distinguished Professorship in Chemical Kinetics and Energy Systems, George Soros Distinguished Professorship in Physics, and the State Prize of the USSR for discovery of selective stimulation of chemical processes in non-thermal plasma.Prof. Lawrence A. Kennedy has been the Dean of Engineering and a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Illinois at Chicago since 1994. He has published over 200 archival publications and over 180 limited circulation reports and abstract reviewed papers. Prof. Kennedy has also won numerous awards such as The Ralph W. Kurtz Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering at OSU (1992-1995) and the Ralph Coats Roe Award from ASEE (1993). He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Part I: Fundamentals of Plasma Physics and Plasma Chemistry


Plasma in Nature, in the Laboratory, and in Industry

Occurrence of Plasma: Natural and Man Made

Gas Discharges

Plasma Applications, Plasmas in Industry

Plasma Applications for Environmental Control

Plasma Applications in Energy Conversion

Plasma Application for Material Processing

Breakthrough Plasma Applications in Modern Technology



Elementary Processes of Charged Species in Plasma

Elementary Charged Particles in Plasma and Their Elastic and Inelastic Collisions

Ionization Processes

Mechanisms of Electron Losses: The Electron-Ion Recombination

Electron Losses Due to Formation of Negative Ions: Electron Attachment and Detachment Processes

Ion-Ion Recombination Processes

The Ion-Molecular Reactions



Elementary Processes of Excited Molecules and Atoms in Plasma

Electronically Excited Atoms and Molecules in Plasma

Vibrationally and Rotationally Excited Molecules

Elementary Processes of Vibrational, Rotational, and Electronic Excitation of Molecules in Plasma

Vibration (VT) Relaxation, Landau-Teller Formula

Vibrational Energy Transfer between Molecules, VV-Relaxation Processes

Processes of Rotational and Electronic Relaxation of Excited Molecules

Elementary Chemical Reactions of Excited Molecules: Fridman-Macheret α-Model



Plasma Statistics and Kinetics of Charged Particles

Statistics and Thermodynamics of Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Plasmas, The Boltzmann, Saha, and Treanor Distributions

The Boltzmann and Fokker-Planck Kinetic Equations: Electron Energy Distribution Functions

Electric and Thermal Conductivity in Plasma: Diffusion of Charged Particles

Breakdown Phenomena: The Townsend and Spark Mechanisms, Avalanches, Streamers and Leaders

Steady-State Regimes of Nonequilibrium Electric Discharges



Kinetics of Excited Particles in Plasma

Vibrational Distribution Functions in Nonequilibrium Plasma: The Fokker-Planck Kinetic Equation

Nonequilibrium Vibrational Kinetics: eV-Processes, Polyatomic Molecules, Non-Steady-State Regimes

Macrokinetics of Chemical Reactions and Relaxation of Vibrationally Excited Molecules

Vibrational Kinetics in Gas Mixtures, Isotropic Effect in Plasma Chemistry

Kinetics of Electronically and Rotationally Excited States, Nonequilibrium Translational Distributions, Relaxation and Reactions of "Hot Atoms" in Plasma

Energy Efficiency, Energy Balance, and Macrokinetics of Plasma-Chemical Processes

Energy Efficiency of Quasi-Equilibrium Plasma-Chemical Systems: Absolute, Ideal, and Super-Ideal Quenching

Surface Reactions of Plasma-Excited Molecules in Chemistry, Metallurgy, and Bio-Medicine



Electrostatics, Electrodynamics, and Fluid Mechanics of Plasma

Electrostatic Plasma Phenomena: Debye-Radius and Sheaths, Plasma Oscillations and Plasma Frequency

Magneto-Hydrodynamics of Plasma

Instabilities of Low Temperature Plasma

Nonthermal Plasma Fluid Mechanics in Fast Subsonic and Supersonic Flows

Electrostatic, Magneto-Hydrodynamic and Acoustic Waves in Plasma

Propagation of Electro-Magnetic Waves in Plasma

Emission and Absorption of Radiation in Plasma, Continuous Spectrum

Spectral Line Radiation in Plasma

Nonlinear Phenomena in Plasma



Part II: Physics and Engineering of Electric Discharges

Glow Discharge

Structure and Physical Parameters of Glow Discharge Plasma, Current-Voltage Characteristics: Comparison of Glow and Dark Discharges

Cathode and Anode Layers of a Glow Discharge

Positive Column of Glow Discharge

Glow Discharge Instabilities

Different Specific Glow Discharge Plasma Sources



Arc Discharges

Physical Features, Types, Parameters, and Current-Voltage

Characteristics of Arc Discharges

Mechanisms of Electron Emission from Cathode

Cathode and Anode Layers in Arc Discharges

Positive Column of Arc Discharges

Different Configurations of Arc Discharges

Gliding Arc Discharge



Nonequilibrium Cold Atmospheric Pressure Discharges

Continuous Corona Discharge

The Pulsed Corona Discharge

Dielectric-Barrier Discharge

Spark Discharges

Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharges

Microdisharges



Plasma Created in High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields: Radio-Frequency, Microwave, and Optical Discharges

Radio Fequency Discharges at High Pressures, Inductively Coupled Thermal RF Discharges

Thermal Plasma Generation in Microwave and Optical Discharges

Nonequilibrium RF Discharges, General Features of Nonthermal CCP Discharges

Nonthermal CCP Discharges of Moderate Pressure

Low Pressure CCP RF Discharges

Asymmetric, Magnetron and Other Special Forms of Low Pressure Capacitive RF Discharges

Nonthermal ICP Discharges

Nonthermal Low-Pressure Microwave and Other Wave-Heated Discharges

Nonequilibrium Microwave Discharges of Moderate Pressure



Discharges in Aerosols, Dusty Plasmas, and Liquids

Photoionization of Aerosols

Thermal Ionization of Aerosols

Electric Breakdown of Aerosols

Steady-State DC Electric Discharge in Heterogeneous Medium

Dusty Plasma Formation: Evolution of Nanoparticles in Plasma

Critical Phenomena in Dusty Plasma Kinetics

Nonequilibrium Clusterization in Centrifugal Field

Dusty Plasma Structures: Phase Transitions, Coulomb Crystals, Special Oscillations

Discharges in Liquids



Electron Beam Plasmas

Generation and Properties of Electron Beam Plasmas

Kinetics of Degradation Processes, Degradation Spectrum

Plasma-Beam Discharge

Nonequilibrium High-Pressure Discharges Sustained by High-Energy Electron Beams

Plasma in Tracks of Nuclear Fission Fragments, Plasma Radiolysis

Dusty Plasma Generation by a Relativistic Electron Beam