Ignorance and Surprise: Science, Society, and Ecological Design

"Matthias Gross is in the business of rewriting modernity. Far from being a prescription for paralysis, not knowing becomes, in his telling, a springboard for wider participation, experimentation, and creativity. Part science studies and part environmental sociology, this is a hugely optimistic and intelligent book for anyone who finds the contemporary world too complex to govern."---Sheila -Jasanoff, Pforzheimer Professor of Science and Technology Studies, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University

"Ignorance and Surprise provides the first comprehensive synthesis of the sociology of ignorance and the sociology of scientific knowledge. In addition to developing a framework for analyzing ignorance and knowledge together, Gross suggests a way of bringing the power of the scientific experiment, which can both encourage and control surprise, into the world of ecological restoration and environmental policy. Given the often disheartening environmental surprises that contemporary society faces, this book is a thoughtful and timely intervention into our thinking about the environment, resilience, and sustainabitity."---David Hess, author of Alternative Pathways in Science and Industry

"Matthias Gross begins his book with the wonderful declaration that `ignorance and surprise belong together.' He uses the seemingly unlikely but very pertinent domains of landscape design and ecological restoration to illustrate a shift toward what some call postnormal, mode 2. or transdisciplinary science. Drawing on classical as well as contemporary social theorists, he constructs a framework that provides important insights into current debates about irreducible ignorance and surprise, and yields an enticing vision of a new kind of inclusive public experimentation."---Michael Smithson, Department of Psychology, The Australian National University, author of ignorance and Uncertainty: Emerging Paradigms

Ignorance and surprise belong together surprises can make people aware of their own ignorance . And yet, perhaps paradoxically, a surprising event in scientific research---one that defies prediction or risk assessment---is often a window to new and unexpected knowledge, in this book, matthias Gross examines the relationship between ignorance and surprise proposing a conceptual framework for handling the unexpected and offering case studies of ecological design that demonstrate the advantages of allowing for surprises and including ignorance in the design and negotiation processes.

Gross draws on classical and contemporary socio logica accounts of ignorance and surprise in science and ecology and integrates these with the idea of experiment in society.He develops a notion of how unexpected occurrences can be I corporated into a model of scientific and technological development that includes the experimental handling of surprises Gross discusses different projects in ecological design, including Chicago's restoration of the shoreline of Lake Michigan and Germany's revitalization of brownfields near Leipzig. These cases show how ignorance and surprise can successfully play out in ecological design projects and how the acknowledgment of the unknown can become a part of decision making. The appropriation of surprises can lead to robut design strategies, Ecological design, Gross argues, is neither a linear process of master planning nor a process of trial and error but a carefully coordinated process of dealing with unexpected turns by means of experimental practice.

Matthias Gross is Senior Researcher in the Department of Urban and Environmental Sociology at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research.UFZ.