Thomas Paine ― Britain, America, and France in the Age of Enlightenment and Revolution

Thomas Paine (1737-1809) was England's greatest revolutionary: no other reformer was as actively involved in events of the scale of the American and French Revolutions, and none wrote such best-selling texts with the impact of Common Sense and Rights of Man. No one else combined the roles of activist and theorist, or did so in the "age of revolutions", fundamental as it was to the emergence of the "modern world". But his fame meant that he was taken up and reinterpreted for current use by successive later commentators and politicians, so that the "historic Paine" was too often obscured by the "usable Paine".

J. C. D. Clark explains Paine against a revised background of early- and mid-eighteenth-century England. He argues that Paine knew and learned less about events in America and France than was once thought. He de-attributes a number of publications, and passages, hitherto assumed to have been Paine's own, and detaches him from a number of causes (including anti-slavery, women's emancipation, and class action) with which he was once associated. Paine's formerly obvious association with the early origin and long-term triumph of natural rights, republicanism, and democracy needs to be rethought. As a result, Professor Clark offers a picture of radical and reforming movements as more indebted to the initiatives of large numbers of men and women in fast-evolving situations than to the writings of a few individuals who framed lasting, and eventually triumphant, political discourses.

Jonathan Clark was educated as an historian at Cambridge, where he was a Fellow of Peterhouse. At Oxford he was a Fellow of All Souls College, and in the United States was a Visiting Professor at the Committee on Social Thought of the University of Chicago. Latterly he has been Hall Distinguished Professor of British History at the University of Kansas. His special interests are in the 'long eighteenth century', 1660-1832, on both sides of the Atlantic, especially in the themes of religion and politics.