改變物理學思想的八個方程（簡體書）

在物理學開始出現的時候，物理學並沒涉及數學，當然物理學裡也就沒有出現數學方程式，而只是純文字的敘述。到法國數學家和物理學家笛卡兒開始研究物理學的時候，他首開先河在物理學中開始引入數學。從此，我們對世界的認識開始有所改觀。本書把物理學發展進程中的關鍵事件和關鍵點梳理出來，然後通過公式的發現與應用，把歷史故事講述得更有條理，更有針對性，從而揭示出科學家認識這個世界的艱難歷程。

楊建鄴，生於1935年，湖北紅安人，武漢華中科技大學物理學院退休教授。對物理學史、物理學家和諾貝爾獎得主的事蹟有特別的興趣。著有《傑出物理學家的失誤》《玻爾傳》《愛因斯坦傳》《窺探上帝的秘密――量子史話》等；譯有《愛因斯坦傳》《原子舞者――費米傳》《誇克與美洲豹》等；主編有《20 世紀諾貝爾獎獲獎者辭典》《諾貝爾獎史話》等。

公式的出現，改變了物理學的表達，讓物理有了本質的飛躍，進而衝擊了我們的世界觀。



這是一本講述人類的智慧結晶方程如何反過來影響人類思維的過程，這種奇特的現象，在物理學中尤為突出。因此，結合物理學史，國內知名的諾貝爾獎研究者、科普專家楊建鄴老先生，將這一過程用八個方程展現了出來。圍繞方程展開的，不是艱深的物理術語，而是科學家們探索物理知識的傳奇故事。也因此，這本書適合所有喜愛物理的人觀看。本書特點：1.趣味性，物理學發展的歷史背景和科學家的傳奇故事，讓我們容易地接受方程的存在。

2.思辨性，對物理和數學的關係的思考，方程為何能帶動科學家進入新的領域，無處不是透著思辨的味道。

可以說，每一個方程都是物理學家探索世界本質過程中的一次嘗試，而每一個結果都是思想變革的種子。

目 錄

序言 ············································································I

一、天上與地下力的統一―牛頓的萬有引力方程 ··················1

1. 光榮從黑暗中迅速生長 ···········································3

2. 哲學家笛卡兒 ·····················································16

3. 天空立法者―開普勒 ··········································19

4. 牛頓和萬有引力定律的建立 ····································37

5. 萬有引力定律是普適的嗎？ ····································44

二、電和磁的轉換―麥克斯韋方程組 ·······························54

1. 一位喜愛哲學沉思的物理學家 ·································56

2. 電學中的牛頓―安培 ··········································59

3. 物理學基礎中最深刻的變化 ····································61

4.“上帝的神來之筆” ·············································68

三、量子力學的基石―普朗克方程 ··································85

1. 紫外災難的出現···················································85

2. 愛因斯坦使普朗克坐立不安 ····································94

四、引力的幾何語言―廣義相對論方程 ··························101

1.“我一生最愉快的思想” ······································102

2.“宇宙新理論和牛頓觀念破產” ·····························108

3. 廣義相對論方程比愛因斯坦更聰明 ··························112

五、矩陣力學的誕生―非對易方程 ································120

1. 走進物理學殿堂·················································122

2. 玻爾節上遇玻爾·················································125

3. 差一點得不到博士學位 ········································131

4. 哥本哈根之行，靈感突發 ·····································133

5. 量子力學的新形式 ··············································136

六、波動力學的提名―薛定諤方程 ································145

1. 維也納大學出來的物理學家 ··································146

2. 機遇找到了薛定諤 ··············································150

3. 驚喜和詛咒並存·················································155

4. 薛定諤方程比薛定諤還聰明！ ·······························160

七、發現負能量―狄拉克方程 ·····································164

1. 狄拉克青少年時期 ··············································166

2. 劍橋大學的研究生 ··············································168

3. 初顯身手，氣象不凡 ···········································170

4. 狄拉克方程第一個意想不到的禮物―自旋 ··············174

5. 狄拉克方程的第二個意想不到的禮物―反粒子 ········180

八、相互作用的統一―楊 - 米爾斯場方程 ·······················184

1. 守恆和不變性之間的關係：諾特定律 ·······················186

2. 布魯克海文實驗室“十分不同的”感受 ····················189

3. 規範不變性和走火入魔 ········································190

4. 友誼、困難和輝煌 ··············································195

5. 希格斯和對稱性自發破缺 ·····································200

九、數學與物理的分與合―方程式何以比物理學家聰明？ ·····208

參考書目 ·············································222