英美契約法：基本原則與案例

編著者簡介
姚思遠
東吳大學法學院教授
愛荷華大學法學博士
美國加州律師

黃心怡
東吳大學法學院副教授
東吳大學法律學系副系主任
杜蘭大學法學博士

I. INTRODUCTION　1

II. FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT　3
　Chapter 1. Intent to be Bound　3
LUCY v. ZEHMER　4
LEO F. PIAZZA PAVING CO. v. BEBEK & BRKICH　8
LEONARD v. PEPSICO, INC.　12
KOLODZIEJ v. MASON　16
　Chapter 2. What is an Offer?　22
SEARLES v. TRUSTEES OF ST. JOSEPH’S COLLEGE　23
LEFKOWITZ v. GREAT MINNEAPOLIS SURPLUS STORE, INC.　25
IZADI v. MACHADO (GUS) FORD, INC.　27
DYNO CONST. CO. v. McWANE, INC.　30
　Chapter 3. What is an Acceptance?　35
(a) Mirror Image Rule　37
ARDENTE v. HORAN　37
GRESSER v. HOTZLER　40
(b) Battle of Forms　44
DORTON v. COLLINS & AIKMAN CORP.　44
C. ITOH (AMERICA) INC. v. JORDAN INT’L CO.　48
BAYWAY REFINING CO. v. OXYGENATED MARKETING & TRADING A.G.　52
(c) Methods of Acceptance　59
MORRISON v. THOELKE　59
WORMS v. BURGESS　66
RAGOSTA v. WILDER　70
DAVIS v. JACOBY　72
DeARMOND v. HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES, INC.　78
FELDMAN v. GOOGLE, INC.　84
　Chapter 4. Duration of the Power of Acceptance　91
(a) Revocation by Offeror　94
DICKINSON v. DODDS　94
MD DRILLING AND BLASTING, INC. v. MLS CONST., LLC　96
(b) Expiration or Lapse of the Offer　99
AKERS v. SEDBERRY　99
22 WEST MAIN ST., INC. v. BOGUSZEWSKI　102
(c) Other Events Terminate the Power of Acceptance　104
FAMILY VIDEO MOVIE CLUB, INC. v. HOME FOLKS, INC.　104
(d) Offer as Option Contract and Firm Offer　108
1464-EIGHT, LTD. v. JOPPICH　108
MID-SOUTH PACKERS, INC. v. SHONEY’S, INC.　113
　Chapter 5. Can Silence be Treated as Acceptance?　116
(a) Silence as Acceptance?　117
PRIDE v. LEWIS　117
MOORE v. KUEHN　121
(b) Implied-in-Fact and Implied-In-Law Contract　124
SYMONS v. HEATON　124
FERROUS PRODUCTS CO., INC. v. GULF STATES TRADING CO., INC.　127
MATTER OF ESTATE OF ZENT　130

III. BASIS FOR ENFORCING THE CONTRACT　135
　Chapter 1. Consideration　135
Section 1. Definition and Purpose of Consideration　136
SCHNELL v. NELL　137
HAMER v. SIDWAY　139
BAEHR v. PENN-O-TEX OIL CORP.　142
LABRIOLA v. POLLARD GROUP, INC.　144
FIRST WISCONSIN NATIONAL BANK v. OBY　150
BOB ACRES, LLC v. SCHUMACHER FARMS, LLC　153
Section 2. Adequacy or Value of Consideration　156
LINGENFELDER v. THE WAINWRIGHT BREWING CO.　158
COHEN v. SABIN　160
HARRINGTON v. HARRINGTON　163
PICK KWIK FOOD STORES, INC. v. TENSER　166
RACCOON VALLEY STATE BANK v. GRATIAS　167
LARSON v. GREEN TREE FINANCIAL CORP.　170
　Chapter 2. Promissory Estoppel　176
HOFFMAN v. RED OWL STORES, INC.　177
WHEELER v. WHITE　182
D & G STOUT, INC. v. BACARDI IMPORTS, INC.　185
MARKER v. PREFERRED FIRE INS. CO.　190
RAGOSTA v. WILDER　193
　Chapter 3. Mistakes　194
SHERWOOD v. WALKER　195
DOVER POOL & RACQUET CLUB v. BROOKING　199
NELSON v. RICE　201
SUMEREL v. GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER CO.　205
DONOVAN v. RRL CORP.　211
　Chapter 4. Capacity to Contract　216
ROBERTSON v. KING　217
MULLER v. CES CREDIT UNION　220
ORTELERE v. TEACHERS’ RETIREMENT BOARD　223
HERNANDEZ v. BANKS　226
　Chapter 5. Must the Agreement be Fair?　234
Section 1. Lacking of Free Consent　234
CROSS v. LEDFORD　235
FOX v. PIERCEY　239
S.P. DUNHAM & CO. v. KUDRA　245
RICH & WHILLOCK, INC. v. ASHTON DEVELOPMENT, INC.　246
BERARDI v. MEADOWBROOK MALL CO.　249
DUNES HOSPITALITY, LLC v. COUNTRY KITCHEN INT’L, INC.　252
IN RE ESTATE OF WADE　255
Section 2. The Adhesion Contract and Unconscionability　261
WILLIAMS v. WALKER-THOMAS FURNITURE CO.　262
MAXWELL v. FIDELITY FINANCIAL SERVICE, INC.　264
WISCONSIN AUTO TITLE LOANS, INC. v. JONES　270
　Chapter 6. Illegality　278
OLSON v. MOLZEN　278
CENTRAL ADJUSTMENT BUREAU, INC. v. INGRAM　282
McCONNELL v. COMMONWEALTH PICTURES CORP.　290

IV. INTERPRETATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE CONTRACT　293
　Chapter 1. Parol Evidence Rule　293
YOCCA v. PITTSBURGH STEELERS SPORTS, INC.　294
STATE EX REL. MISSOURI HIGHWAY AND TRANSP. COMMISSION v. MARYVILLE LAND PARTNERSHIP　300
McGUIRE v. SCHNEIDER, INC.　308
SNYDER v. HERBERT GREENBAUM & ASSOCIATES, INC.　312
　Chapter 2. Interpretation　316
C & A CONST. CO. v. BENNING CONST. CO.　317
SPECTRUM ENTERPRISES, INC. v. HELM CORP.　324
PACIFIC GAS & ELECTRIC CO. v. G. W. THOMAS DRAYAGE & RIGGING CO.　326
TRIDENT CENTER v. CONNECTICUT GENERAL LIFE INS. CO.　328
FRIGALIMENT IMPORTING CO. v. B.N.S. INT’L SALES CORP.　334
　Chapter 3. Reasonable Expectations ― Ignoring the Words　339
C & J FERTILIZER, INC. v. ALLIED MUTUAL INS. CO.　339
MAX TRUE PLASTERING CO. v. U.S. FIDELITY AND GUAR. CO.　347
DEVCON INT’L. CORP. v. RELIANCE INS. CO.　352

V. PERFORMANCE, NONPERFORMANCE, AND DEFENSES　359
　Chapter 1. Conditions　359
Section 1. In General　359
MERRITT HILL VINEYARDS v. WINDY HEIGHTS VINEYARD　360
OPPENHEIMER & CO. v. OPPENHEIM, APPEL, DIXON & CO.　362
DORN v. STANHOPE STEEL, INC.　367
VUAGNIAUX v. KORTE　373
PITTMAN v. CANHAM　376
K & G CONSTRUCTION CO. v. HARRIS　379
Section 2. Waiver of Condition　385
MENDOZA v. COMSAT CORP.　385
CLARK v. WEST　391
ROSE v. MITSUBISHI INT’L. CORP.　395
Section 3. Condition of Satisfaction　399
PENNINGTON v. HOWLAND　399
GOLDEN v. WORLDVISION ENTERPRISES, INC.　402
MORIN BLDG. PRODUCTS CO., INC. v. BAYSTONE CONST., INC.　404
Section 4. Strict Compliance of the Condition?　408
GULF CONST. CO., INC. v. SELF　408
JACKSON v. HOLMES　413
ARVILLA MOTEL, INC. v. SHRIVER　416
　Chapter 2. Performance, Nonperformance and Anticipatory Breach　419
Section 1. Substantial Performance　419
FORMIGLI CORP. v. FOX　420
RAMIREZ v. AUTOSPORT　426
Section 2. Nonpayment　432
PLOTNICK v. PENNSYLVANIA SMELTING & REFINING CO.　433
CASSIDY PODELL LYNCH, INC. v. SNYDERGENERAL CORP.　436
Section 3. Potential Nonpayment　442
INDUSSA CORP. v. RELIABLE STAINLESS STEEL SUPPLY CO.　443
H. LYNN WHITE, INC. v. LEFTWICH　446
NORCON POWER PARTNERS, L.P. v. NIAGARA MOHAWK POWER CORP.　448
CAROLINA CONSULTING CORP. v. AJAX PAVING INDUSTRIES, INC. OF FLORIDA　455
Section 4. Anticipatory Breach　458
2401 PENN. AVE. v. FEDERATION OF JEWISH AGENCIES　458
QK HEALTHCARE INC. v. INSOURCE, INC.　466
　Chapter 3. Defenses　474
Section 1. Changed or Unforeseen Circumstances　474
(a) Impossibility　475
OPERA CO. OF BOSTON v. WOLF TRAP FOUNDATION
FOR PERFORMING ARTS　475
KEL KIM CORP. v. CENTRAL MARKETS, INC.　484
PHOENIX TITLE & TRUST CO. v. GRIMES　486
(b) Impracticability　489
NORTHERN INDIANA PUBLIC SERVICE CO. v. CARBON COUNTY COAL CO.　489
FLORIDA POWER & LIGHT CO. v. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP.　496
(c) Frustration of Purpose　513
KRELL v. HENRY　513
CHASE PRECAST CORP. v. JOHN J. PAONESSA CO., INC.　517
Section 2. Modification and Novation　521
(a) Modification　521
ARTHUR J. GALLAGHER & CO. v. DIETERICH　521
FIELDS EXCAVATING, INC. v. McWANE, INC.　526
(b) Novation　532
FULCRUM CENTRAL v. AUTOTESTER, INC.　532
STEWART v. JOHNSON　536
Section 3. Waiver　538
BILLMAN v. V.I. EQUITIES CORP.　538
TRELLTEX, INC. v. INTECX, LLC　543
BMC INDUSTRIES, INC. v. BARTH INDUSTRIES, INC.　548
QUALITY PRODUCTS AND CONCEPTS CO. v. NAGEL PRECISION, INC.　556
　Chapter 4. Statute of Frauds　562
ALA, INC. v. CCAIR, INC.　563
ROSSBERG v. BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.　568
NELSON v. ELWAY　570

VI. REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF THE CONTRACT　575
　Chapter 1. The Expectation Measure　575
Section 1. General Principles　576
(a) Measure of Damages in General　576
HAWKINS v. McGEE　576
FATHER’S HOUSE INT’L, INC. v. KURGUZ　579
(b) Breach By The Seller　583
MILWAUKEE VALVE CO., INC. v. MISHAWAKA BRASS MFG., INC.　583
JEWELL-RUNG AGENCY, INC. v. HADDAD ORGANIZATION, LTD.　587
MATTER OF LIFEGUARD INDUSTRIES, INC.　592
(c) Breach by the Buyer　596
R.E. DAVIS CHEMICAL CORP. v. DIASONICS, INC.　596
NOBS CHEMICAL, U.S.A., INC. v. KOOPERS CO., INC.　601
MEXAMERICAN HIDES S.A. v. CENTRAL INTERN. CO.　605
Section 2. Limitation　608
(a) Foreseeable　609
HADLEY v. BAXENDALE　609
O’TOOLE v. NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP.　612
DAKOTA GRAIN CO., INC. v. EHRMANTROUT　615
b) Reasonably Certain　620
HENDRICKS & ASSOCIATES, INC. v. DAEWOO CORP.　620
FITZ v. COUTINHO　625
(c) Duty to Mitigate Damages　630
OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF TEXAS v. RODRIGUEZ　630
FRENCHTOWN SQUARE PARTNERSHIP v. LEMSTONE, INC.　633
(d) Economic Waste　635
PEEVYHOUSE v. GARLAND COAL & MIN. CO.　635
BLB AVIATION SOUTH CAROLINA, LLC v. JET LINX AVIATION, LLC　641
Section 3. Liquidated Damages　646
WASSERMAN’S INC. v. TOWNSHIP OF MIDDLETOWN　646
DIFFLEY v. ROYAL PAPERS, INC.　655
SMART OIL, LLC v. DW MAZEL, LLC　657
　Chapter 2. The Reliance Measure　662
CHICAGO COLISEUM CLUB v. DEMPSEY　663
SECURITY STOVE & MFG. CO. v. AMERICAN RY. EXPRESS CO.　668
MERRY GENTLEMAN, LLC v. GEORGE AND LEONA PRODUCTIONS, INC.　675
　Chapter 3. The Restitution Measure　677
OCEAN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. v. BUBECK　677
FISHKIN v. SUSQUEHANNA PARTNERS, G.P.　680
　Chapter 4. Equitable Measure　683
Section 1. Specific Performance　683
FAZZIO v. MASON　684
VAN WAGNER ADV. CORP. v. S & M ENTERS.　691
RUDDOCK v. FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF LAKE FOREST　696
ROQUEMORE & HALL v. MITCHELL BROS.　703
FELCH v. FINDLAY COLLEGE　705
Section 2. Injunction　707
ASI BUSINESS SOLUTIONS, INC. v. OTSUKA AMERICA PHARM., INC.　708
MOHANTY v. ST. JOHN HEART CLINIC, S.C.　714
WALGREEN CO. v. SARA CREEK PROPERTY CO.　726
Section 3. Rescission and Restitution　729
CARUSO v. MOY　730
LUMSDEN v. LAWING　734
POTTER v. OSTER　741
FAZIO v. CYPRESS/GR HOUSTON I, L.P.　745