新思路大學英語讀寫譯教程 第四冊 教師參考書(第二版)（簡體書）

本書是學生用書的同步教師用書，包括背景知識、補充材料、教學建議、參考教案及參考答案等，是教師教學和學生學習的用書。 本書為讀寫譯第四冊教師參考書。

Unit1 Competition and Cooperation Part One Objectives After learning the unit, the students will be able to 1. know the relationship between petition and cooperation, as well as how to handle this relationship in their daily life; 2. grasp the main ideas of Text A, Text B and Text C; 3. master the key words, expressions and useful sentence patterns. Part Three Text A Success Isn’t a Competition 一、背景知識（Background Information） 1. Bertrand Russell Bertrand Arthur William Russell (1872—1970) was a British philosopher, logician, essayist and social critic best known for his work in mathematical logic and analytic philosophy. His most influential contributions include his defense of logicism (邏輯主義) (the view that mathematics is in some important sense reducible to logic), his refining of the predicate calculus (微積分) introduced by Gottlob Frege (which still forms the basis of most contemporary logic), his defense of neutral monism (中性一元論) (the view that the world consists of just one type of substance that is neither exclusively mental nor exclusively physical), and his theories of definite descriptions (確定描述詞) and logical atomism (邏輯原子論). Along with G.E. Moore, Russell is generally recognized as one of the founders of modern analytic philosophy. Along with Kurt Gdel, he is regularly credited with being one of the most important logicians of the twentieth century. Over the course of his long career, Russell made significant contributions, not just to logic and philosophy, but to a broad range of subjects including education, history, political theory and religious studies. In addition, many of his writings on a variety of topics in both the sciences and the humanities have influenced generations of general readers. After a life marked by controversy—including dismissals from both Trinity College, Cambridge, and City College, New York—Russell was awarded the Order of Merit in 1949 and the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950. Noted for his many spirited anti-war and anti-nuclear protests, Russell remained a prominent public figure until his death at the age of 98. 2. Blog The term “weblog” was coined by Jorn Barger on 17 December 1997. The short form, “blog,” was coined by Peter Merholz, who jokingly broke the word weblog into the phrase “we blog” in the sidebar (工具條) of his blog Peterme. in April or May 1999. Shortly thereafter, Evan Williams at Pyra Labs used “blog” as both a noun and verb (“to blog,” meaning “to edit one’s weblog or to post to one’s weblog”) and devised the term“blogger” in connection with Pyra Labs’ Blogger product, leading to the popularization of the terms. Blogs are usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of mentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video. Entries are monly displayed in reverse-chronological order. Most blogs are interactive, allowing visitors to leave ments and even message with each other via widgets (窗口小部件) on the blogs and it is this interactivity that distinguishes them from other static websites. Many blogs provide mentary or news on a particular subject; others function as more personal online diaries. A typical blog bines text, images, and links to other blogs, web pages, and other media related to its topic. The ability of readers to leave ments in an interactive format is an important part of many blogs. Most blogs are primarily textual, although some focus on art (art blog), photographs (photo blog), videos (video blog), music (MP3 blog), and audio (podcasting). Microblogging is another type of blogging, featuring very short posts. ……