Nucleus and Nation ─ Scientists, International Networks, and Power in India

"Robert Anderson was the first to study systematically the rise of nuclear science and physicists in India. This landmark study, the outcome of four decades of careful archival and ethnographic research, has been long awaited. It is by far the most comprehensive study of the international and domestic networks of scientists and scientific policy makers ever completed. It fills countless holes in the historical record and provides a wealth of new details regarding the functioning of Indian scientific establishments and the careers of the founding `political' scientists who shaped independent India's scientific and technological institutions." Itty Abraham, University of Texas

"It is not easy to write a gripping narrative of the technical details, institutional arrangements, and interpersonal relationships within scientific institutions and between political powers, but Robert Anderson has pulled it off. Nucleus and Nation is a complex, wide-ranging, and engaging work." Benjamin Zachariah, University of Sheffield

"The history of Indian science since independence is the canvas on which Anderson has painted an intricate picture of the development of nuclear power in India. Nucleus and Nation embraces a breathtaking range; it includes incisive portraitures of key participants, analysis of political events, and deep insights into social and public contexts of modernization and industrialization that reveal the links between the public and the private at significant junctures in Indian history. Anderson's mastery of his archival materials and their narrative exposition, as well as his personal observations about the functioning of scientific institutions in India combined with his informed grasp of science and debates within Indian nationalism and the contentious context of globalization, make the book one that many of us working in this area have been waiting for." Indira Chowdhury, Historian and Archivist, Archival Resources for Contemporary History, Bangalore, India

In 1974 India joined the elite roster of nuclear world powers when it exploded its first nuclear bomb. But the technological progress that facilitated that feat was set in motion many decades before, as India sought both independence from the British and respect from the larger world. Over the course of the twentieth century, India metamorphosed from a marginal place to a serious hub of technological and scientific innovation. It is this intriguing tale of networks and transformation that Robert S. Anderson recounts in Nucleus and Nation.

Tracing the long institutional and individual preparations for India's first nuclear test and its consequences, Anderson begins with the careers of India's renowned scientists---Meghnad Saha, shanti Bhatnagar, Homi Bhabha, and their patron Jawaharlal Nehru---in the first half of the twentieth century before focusing on the evolution of the large and complex scientific community---especially the roles of its leader Vikram Sarabhai and his patron Indira Gandhi---in the later part of the era. By contextualizing Indian debates over nuclear power within the larger conversation about modernization and industrialization, Anderson hones in on the thorny issue of the integration of science into the self-reliant ideals of Indian nationalism. In this way, Nucleus and Nation is more than a history of nuclear science, engineering, and the Indian Atomic Energy Commission; it is a unique perspective on the history of Indian nationhood and the drama and politics of its scientific community.

Robert S. Anderson is professor in the School of Communication at Simon Fraser University.