Computers And Commerce ─ A Study Of Technology And Management At Eckert-mauchly Computer Company, Engineering Research Associates, And Remington Rand, 1946?957
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Between 1946 and 1957 computing went from a preliminary, developmental stage to morewidespread use accompanied by the beginnings of the digital computer industry. During this crucialdecade, spurred by rapid technological advances, the computer enterprise became a major phenomenon.In Computers and Commerce, Arthur Norberg explores the importance of these years in the history ofcomputing by focusing on technical developments and business strategies at two important firms, bothestablished in 1946, Engineering Research Associates (ERA) and Eckert-Mauchly Computer Company(EMCC), from their early activities through their acquisition by Remington Rand.Both ERA and EMCChad their roots in World War II, and in postwar years both firms received major funding from theUnited States government. Norberg analyzes the interaction between the two companies and thegovernment and examines the impact of this institutional context on technological innovation. Heassesses the technical contributions of such key company figures as J. Presper Eckert, John Mauchly,Grace Hopper, and William Norris, analyzing the importance of engineering knowledge in convertingtheoretical designs into workable machines. Norberg looks at the two firms' operations after 1951 asindependent subsidiaries of Remington Rand, and documents the management problems that began afterRemington Rand merged with Sperry Gyroscope to form Sperry Rand in 1955.
作者簡介
Mark Sheldon, Ph.D., is a College Lecturer in Philosophy and in the Medical Ethics and Humanities Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, at Northwestern University. He is also an adjunct faculty member at the Neiswanger Institute for Bioethics and Health Policy at Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine and an adjunct faculty member and ethicist at Rush-Presbyterian-St.Luke's Medical Center, Chicago. His publications have appeared in JAMA, The Hastings Center Report, The Philosophical Forum, and The Journal of Value Inquiry.
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