The Automated City: Internet of Things and Ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence

1 An Overview of Technology Trends towards Smarter Cities1.1 The Rise of Automation1.2 The Rise of Smart Cities1.3 Technology in Cities in the midst of a Pandemic1.3.1 Robots Helping to Deal with Infectious Diseases1.3.2 Delivery Robots1.3.3 Delivery Drones1.3.4 Drones, Robots, AI and Wireless Signals for Monitoring and Enforcement1.3.5 Mobile App for Social Contact Tracing and Location-Based Visualizations1.3.6 Government Health Notifications and Advice via Smartphones1.3.7 Data Analytics for the City1.3.8 Smart Public Transport Stations1.3.9 Discussion1.4 An Overview of Trends in Technology1.4.1 Internet of Things (IoT), Ubiquitous Computing1.4.2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics1.4.3 Platforms, Sharing Economy, Urban Apptivism, and City Operating Systems1.4.4 Digital Tools for Participation, Human Coordination, and Hackable Smart Cities1.4.5 Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and Automated Vehicles (AVs)1.5 Conceptualisations of the Smart City1.5.1 Smart City Standards1.5.2 Three Focus Areas of Technology in Smart Cities1.6 Towards Smarter CitiesReferences2 The Automated City: Concept and Metaphors2.1 The Automated City in Relation to Current and Emerging Technologies: Concept2.1.1 Automation of Large Scale City Systems2.1.2 Predictive and Proactive Cities, and the Availability of Data2.1.3 Robots Everywhere2.1.4 Self-Repairing Cities, Self-Organizing Cities and Self-Regenerating Cities2.1.5 The Automated City as a "Living" Machine2.2 The Automated City in Relation to its Inhabitants: Metaphors2.2.1 Machines as Partners: Machines Living in Human Environments2.2.2 Machines as Hosts: Humans Living Inside Machines2.2.3 Machines as Art: Machines as Expressions of Human Living2.2.4 The Humane Automated City2.3 The Automated City: a Working DefinitionReferences3 Automated Vehicles, Urban Robots and Drones: Three Elements of the Automated City3.1 Introduction3.2 Automated Vehicles (AVs)3.2.1 The Potential of Automated Vehicles3.2.2 Issues and Limitations3.2.3 Summary on Automated Vehicles3.3 Urban Robots3.3.1 The Potential of Urban Robots3.3.2 Issues and Limitations3.3.3 Summary on Urban Robots3.4 Urban Drones3.4.1 The Potential of Urban Drones3.4.2 Issues and Limitations3.4.3 Summary on Urban Drones3.5 Summary of ChapterReferences4 The Future of the Automated City: Social, Technical and Ethical Perspectives4.1 Visions of Future Cities4.1.1 The Walkable City and Urban Hubs4.1.2 Trees, Energy, the Green City and Sustainability4.1.3 Other Visions of the Future City4.1.4 Impacts of Technology on Citizens and Workforce - What Do We Want City Inhabitants to Become?4.1.5 Which Vision?4.1.6 The Evolution of Cities: Bottom-Up or Top-Down? 4.2 Governance4.2.1 Policies4.2.2 Governance by Algorithms4.3 New Business Models4.4 Urban Transportation4.5 Real-Time Tracking4.6 Urban Edge Computing4.7 Blockchain for Smart Cities4.8 Massive Cooperation4.8.1 Platforms for Massive Cooperation 4.8.2 Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (Coop-ITS) 4.8.3 Cooperative Vehicles and Applications4.8.4 Cooperative-By-Design4.8.5 Cooperative Internet of Things4.9 Trust and Ethics in AI and the Aut