Islamization of Social Sciences A Critique of Contemporary Scholars
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Introduction Human beings are the most unique social beings on earth, living interdependently, on account of their bio-social necessity, for collective and individual survival. Social Sciences study the activities of human beings in the society at both individual as well as corporate level for collective existence, to identify the social problems and make attempts to provide solutions to these problems, for a smooth survival of the society. The present era is the era of crises where the society faces complex problems and it has become difficult even for social scientists to isolate and address a real social problem. The social scientists are not clear about the central problems which their respective disciplines are facing and which they could address. With the development of science and technology on rational and empirical bases in the West, social scientists also tried to build the Social Sciences on the same bases. But there were certain questions which could not be answered by using the reason and empirical methodology only but have the solution in religious scriptures or revealed knowledge or tradition. Both Islam and west have their own methodology and philosophy to provide solutions to these problems. Muslim scholars laid the foundation of systematic experimentations and observations, in both natural and Social Sciences in medieval period, before the 'renaissance period of west', 1 inspired by the teachings of Qur'ān, insisting human beings for achieving scientific knowledge through observations and experiments: (Allah) Most Gracious! It is He Who has taught the Qur an. He has created man: He has taught him speech (and intelligence).2 And He has subjected to you, as from Him, all that is in the heavens and on earth: Behold, in that are Signs indeed for those who reflect.3 There are many other verses in the Qur'ān which insisted human beings of acquiring scientific knowledge which led Muslims to develop the physical sciences as well as Social Sciences. The basis of Social Sciences for Muslims is Qur'ān and the Sunnah of Prophet Muḥammad ( ), from which all rules are extracted, and are more relevant and justifiable due to their divine origin. With the dominance of west in 18th and 19th centuries, Muslim lands were colonised and lost the opportunity to practise their own systems. These western developed systems produced chaos in both Muslim and Non,
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