Superabundance: The Story of Population Growth, Innovation, and Human Flourishing on an Infinitely Bountiful Planet

Generations of people have been taught to believe that population growth makes resources scarcer. In 2021, for example, one widely publicized report argued that "the world's rapidly growing population is consuming the planet's natural resources at an alarming rate ... the world currently needs 1.6 Earths to satisfy the demand for natural resources ... [a figure that] could rise to 2 planets by 2030." But is that true? In Superabundance, Marian Tupy and Gale Pooley have analyzed prices of hundreds of commodities, goods, and services--with some data going back to 1850. They found that resources became cheaper or more abundant at an accelerating rate. That's especially true when examining "time prices" or the length of time that people must work to earn enough money to buy something. To great surprise, the authors found that resources became more abundant at a faster rate than the population grew--a relationship that they call Superabundance. On average, every additional human being created more value than they consumed. This relationship between population growth and abundance is deeply counterintuitive, yet it is no less true. Why? Unlike other animals, human beings can innovate their way out of the problems they encounter. They produce new ideas, which lead to new inventions. They test those inventions in the marketplace to separate the useful from the useless. At the end of that process of discovery, they are left with innovations that spur economic growth and raise standards of living. But more people are not enough to sustain Superabundance--just think of China and India before and after their respective economic reforms in 1978 and 1991. To innovate, people must be allowed to think, speak, publish, associate, and disagree. They must be allowed to save, invest, trade and profit. In a word, they must be free.