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We assume that we have a clear understanding of how people in the Middle Ages thought and which attitudes they struck but in reality, this is a subhetc of enormous complexity of which conclusions can

Constable (medieval studies, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton) is one of the preeminent medievalists working today. He was one of the first historians to look at the Crusades from the point of

A paperback edition of Constable's superlative account of changes in religious thought and institutions.

The French monastery was not, as formerly believed, the center of the medieval monastic world, admits Constable but is incomparable in the richness of writing from and about it. In the 13 essays here,

This book is concerned with the changes in religious thought and institutions from the late eleventh century to the third quarter of the twelfth. It concentrates on monks and nuns, but also takes into

We assume that we have a clear understanding of how people in the Middle Ages thought and which attitudes they struck but in reality this is a subject of enormous complexity of which conclusions can o

No tax in Europe can compare with tithes in its duration, the extent of its application and the economic burden it imposed. In this study Professor Constable considers the tithes paid to and by monks in the Middle Ages. In particular he examines why, by the twelfth century, most monks received tithes and many of them were freed from payment, in spite of earlier theory and practice by which monks, as distinct from the clergy, were usually forbidden to receive tithes and required to pay them. In the early Middle Ages monastic tithes were a matter not only of economics, but of doctrine, canon law and monastic theory. Their history lies in the borderland between theory and practice and Professor Constable studies them against a background of changes in property relationships, in the theory of tithing and in the nature of the monastic order.

This collection of Giles Constable's key articles on medieval monastic and ecclesiastical history, many of which were originally in now out of print and difficult to source publications provides nothi

The abbey of Bec was founded in the eleventh century and was one of the best-known and most influential monasteries in Normandy. Celebrated for its high standard of religious life and its intellectua

The fall of the crusader-controlled city of Acre to the Muslims in 1291 inspired many schemes for crusades to recover Jerusalem and its environs. One of these proposals is How to Defeat the Saracens,

This book surveys the full panorama of ten centuries of Christian monastic life. It moves from the deserts of Egypt and the Frankish monasteries of early medieval Europe to the religious ruptures of t

Robert L. Benson (1925–1996), professor of history at the University of California, Los Angeles, was one of the most learned and original medievalists of his generation. At his untimely death he left