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英美至今不願面對的歷史錯誤，為了石油利益不惜犯下的罪行 跳脫主流既定觀點，正確理解做為西亞核心的伊朗 1953年8月，美國中央情報局策劃推翻伊朗民選首相穆沙迪克的一場政變，改變了往後半世紀英美兩大強權與伊朗的關係…… 一桶石油，換來一道民族的傷痕。 曾經有段時間，強權對伊朗無情壓迫、豪取利益、進而操弄並顛覆其政權…… ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 自1940年代起，石油國有化就是不少伊朗政治人物的重要工作。在此之前，伊朗的石油生產與販售多半掌握在英國的石油公司手中。對伊朗人來說，掌握在英國手中的石油公司，正如同殖民遺緒，不斷侵蝕這塊土地。訴求國有化的聲音響徹雲霄，成為西亞各國靶響的第一槍，卻也開啟後續繁雜的政治干涉。 為了持續掌握伊朗石油，英美暗中發動宣傳戰，試圖發動政變，最後推翻了民選首相穆沙迪克，成為美國干涉伊朗外交的起始，往後美國也因此得到了石油的龐大利益。本書揭露1953年這起為了石油，改變兩大強權對伊關係的關鍵事件。在觀察這時代美國與伊朗斷交、對峙、為核協議纏鬥之前，我們一定要先了解這一段歷史。 可以說，伊朗人若對西方強權存有不滿之意，長久以來的外來壓迫是最大主因。然而，世界上眾多地區的人民至今仍接受美國為首的西方主流論述，將伊朗視為極端思想盛行、不聽話的恐怖分子之邦，極少聆聽來自伊朗的聲音。甚至在外交檔案一一解密、參與人士回憶錄陸續出版後，英美相關單位也從未正式對此道歉，甚至否認涉入其中。而若放大眼界，將之納入二戰後美國的干涉外交脈絡下看待，這場政變甚至可跟臺灣蔣氏政權、古巴革命、南越共和國的混亂相互呼應。 學術研究的最高榮譽殿堂、美國文理科學院院士埃凡德．亞伯拉罕米安試圖深入探討1953年這起政變，從伊朗石油國有化政策開始說起，爬梳美國、英國與石油公司之間的交易與協商，串聯起二戰後各派系、首相穆沙迪克與巴勒維國王之間錯綜複雜的關係網。他收集大量已解密的外交檔案，以及來自伊朗國內外的回憶錄及各式訪談報導，揭露了石油的發現如何改變西亞的地緣政治、如何促使美國政府發起干涉外交，以及如何影響直至今日的西亞局勢。 如何從重大的單一事件分析，

In August 1953, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency orchestrated the swift overthrow of Iran’s democratically elected leader and installed Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi in his place. Over the next twent

In August 1953, the CIA orchestrated the swift overthrow of Iran’s democratically elected leader and installed Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi in his place. Over the next twenty-six years, the United State

U.S. involvement in the 1953 coup that overthrew the elected prime minister of Iran and installed the Shah was not even officially admitted until Madeleine Albright acknowledged it in March of 2000, t

Mohammad Mosaddeq is widely regarded as the leading champion of secular democracy and resistance to foreign domination in Iran's modern history. Mosaddeq became prime minister of Iran in

Ali Rahnema's work is a meticulous historical reconstruction of the Iranian coup d'état in 1953 that led to the overthrow of Mohammed Mosaddeq and his government. Mosaddeq's removal from power has probably attracted more attention than any other event occurring during his tenure because of the role of foreign involvement, the political, economic and social impact on Iran, and the long-term impact the ousting had on Iran-US relations. Drawing on American, British and Iranian sources, Rahnema closely examines the four-day period between the first failed coup and the second successful attempt, investigating in fine detail how the two coups were conceptualised, rationalised and executed by players on both the Anglo-American and Iranian sides. Through painstaking research into little-studied sources, Rahnema casts new light on how a small group of highly influential pro-Britain politicians and power brokers revisited the realities on the ground with the CIA operatives dispatched to Iran and

Ali Rahnema's work is a meticulous historical reconstruction of the Iranian coup d'état in 1953 that led to the overthrow of Mohammed Mosaddeq and his government. Mosaddeq's removal from power has probably attracted more attention than any other event occurring during his tenure because of the role of foreign involvement, the political, economic and social impact on Iran, and the long-term impact the ousting had on Iran-US relations. Drawing on American, British and Iranian sources, Rahnema closely examines the four-day period between the first failed coup and the second successful attempt, investigating in fine detail how the two coups were conceptualised, rationalised and executed by players on both the Anglo-American and Iranian sides. Through painstaking research into little-studied sources, Rahnema casts new light on how a small group of highly influential pro-Britain politicians and power brokers revisited the realities on the ground with the CIA operatives dispatched to Iran and

The year is 1953. As the value of oil skyrockets, global power brokers are taking an increased interest in the ruling political regimes of the Middle East. British agents have controlled Iranian oil e

With a thrilling narrative that sheds much light on recent events, this national bestseller brings to life the 1953 CIA coup in Iran that ousted the country’s elected prime minister, ushered in a quar

Based on British and Iranian sources, this book investigates the background and goals of the coup in Iran, examining how British foreign and domestic agents interfered with Iran’s internal affairs bet

In 1953, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi--the Shah of Iran--rose to absolute power in a CIA-assisted coup d'etat dubbed Operation Ajax. As Iranian citizens began to learn of their government's involvement

Following the 1953 coup that toppled the democratically elected government of Mossadeq and restored the rule of the Shah in Iran, Mostafa Sho'aiyan became a key figure on the country's militant left.

Focusing on the turbulent twenty-eight months between April 1951 and August 1953, this book, based on recently declassified CIA and US State Department documents from the Mossadeq administration tell the story of the Iranian oil crisis, which would culminate in the coup of August 1953. Throwing fresh light on US involvement in Iran, Ervand Abrahamian reveals exactly how immersed the US was in internal Iranian politics long before the 1953 coup, in parliamentary politics and even in saving the monarchy in 1952. By weighing rival explanations for the coup, from internal discontent, a fear of communism and oil nationalization, Abrahamian shows how the Truman and Eisenhower administrations did not differ significantly in their policies towards Mossadeq, and how the surprising main obstacle to an earlier coup was the shah himself. In tracing the key involvement of the US and CIA in Iran, this study shows how the 1953 coup would eventually pave the way to the 1979 Iranian revolution, two of