This academic journal, an early example of the genre, edited by Cambridge contemporaries Joseph Barber Lightfoot (1828–89), Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828–92), and John Eyton Bickersteth Mayor (1825–1
This original two-volume edition of Niebuhr’s History of Rome (1811–1812) is a valuable source of information on classical scholarship during a period of rapid growth. Niebuhr’s work was influential b
James Adam (1860–1907) was a Scottish classics scholar who taught at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. A strong defender of the importance of Greek philosophy in a well-rounded education, Adam published a number of Plato's works including Protagoras and Crito. This two-volume critical edition of the Republic (1902) was another major contribution to the field. Though his preface claims 'an editor cannot pretend to have exhausted its significance by means of a commentary,' Adam's depth of knowledge and erudite analysis of the Greek text ensured that his edition remained the standard reference for decades to follow, and it remains a thought-provoking evaluation of one of the great works of Western thought. Volume 2 examines Books 6–10, which discuss the place of the philosopher and questions of governance.
Published in 1891, this revised edition of Oskar Seyffert's Dictionary provides comprehensive coverage of Greek and Roman antiquities, and extends its range to incorporate the areas of mythology and literature. From Abacus to Zosimus, over 2,500 articles cover topics including the lives and work of Greek and Roman philosophers, historians, orators, poets and artists, and related subjects including Greek and Roman religion, philosophy, rhetoric, literature, architecture, painting, sculpture, music and drama. A landmark publication in its time, it is still regarded as factually reliable, and although there have been considerable advances in the interpretation of the data it is valuable as a benchmark for the state of classical scholarship in the late nineteenth century. Enhanced by over 450 illustrations, the volume gives the Latin equivalent for every Greek word, and contains a thorough index.
The German archaeologist Ernst Curtius (1814–1896) published his seminal work The History of Greece in 3 volumes between 1857 and 1867. It quickly became a bestseller and was republished in numerous German editions. The work was translated into English by the eminent British historian Adolphus William Ward (1837–1924) who divided it into five volumes, published between 1868 and 1873. Volume 5 covers the twilight of the Greek city-states; the rise of Macedon and Philip's military conquests; and the final struggle for the independence of the Greek states. It contains a general index for all five volumes. Curtius' History was a pioneering work of classical scholarship. For many generations it provided an indispensable guide through the complex history of the Greek world, and it continues to inspire researchers today.
First published in 1930, this is a collection of essays by the noted classical scholar W. W. Tarn, originally delivered as Lees Knowles Lectures in Military History at Trinity College, Cambridge. Tarn draws on a range of sources to trace the history and development of warfare in the Hellenistic period, with particular emphasis on military strategy under Alexander the Great. The first lecture outlines the role of infantry, analysing the weaponry used in various battles. In the second lecture, Tarn examines the development of cavalry, its history in Macedonia, Thessaly and Iran, and its use of elephants and camels. The final lecture explores improvements in siege and naval methods, with particular attention to advancements in artillery. Providing valuable insight into a period of extensive military innovation, this book gives an overview of the military and naval arts and sciences of the Hellenistic era.
William Young Sellar (1825–1890) was a scholar of Latin poetry. First published in 1880, this is a lively account of poetry in the Roman Republic, which was acclaimed as the purest art form of its time. Exploring the work of a range of poets, from Andronicus, Lucilius and others in the second century BCE, through to Lucretius and Catullus in the first century BCE, Sellar shows how poems were characterised by political, religious, and social factors, as well as by the personalities of the poets themselves. Looking at genres from tragedy to comedy to satire, he also considers the role of Greek literature in the shaping of Latin poetry, and how the poets influenced each other's work. The second edition of a volume originally published in 1863, this version features an updated account of the poems of Lucilius and Catullus, and two new chapters on Roman comedy.
The German archaeologist Ernst Curtius (1814–1896) published this seminal work in three volumes between 1857 and 1867. It quickly became a bestseller and was republished in numerous German editions. The work was translated into English by the eminent British historian Adolphus William Ward (1837–1924) who divided it into five volumes, published between 1868 and 1873. Volume 1 of Ward's translation contains two books. Book 1 covers the state of Greece in the period before the so-called Dorian migrations, and Book 2 the development of Attica and the Peloponnese up until the Persian wars. Curtius' History was a pioneering work of nineteenth-century classical scholarship. For many generations it provided an indispensable guide through the complex history of the ancient Greek world, and it continues to inspire researchers today.
The German archaeologist Ernst Curtius (1814–1896) published this seminal work in three volumes between 1857 and 1867. It quickly became a bestseller and was republished in numerous German editions. The work was translated into English by the eminent British historian Adolphus William Ward (1837–1924) who divided it into five volumes, published between 1868 and 1873. Volume 2 focuses on the themes of conflict and unity, with the second part of Book 2, and Book 3 which covers the Ionian revolt and the events that led to the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War. Curtius' History was a pioneering work of nineteenth-century classical scholarship. For many generations it provided an indispensable guide through the complex history of the ancient Greek world, and it continues to inspire researchers today.
The German archaeologist Ernst Curtius (1814–1896) published this seminal work in three volumes between 1857 and 1867. It quickly became a bestseller and was republished in numerous German editions. The work was translated into English by the eminent British historian Adolphus William Ward (1837–1924) who divided it into five volumes, published between 1868 and 1873. Volume 3 covers the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BCE), focussing on the role of key figures such as Pericles; Athens' Sicilian expedition and the Peace of Nicias; Greek colonisation; and the Decelean war. Curtius' History was a pioneering work of nineteenth-century classical scholarship. For many generations it provided an indispensable guide through the complex history of the ancient Greek world, and it continues to inspire researchers today.
The German archaeologist Ernst Curtius (1814–1896) published his seminal work The History of Greece in 3 volumes between 1857 and 1867. It quickly became a bestseller and was republished in numerous German editions. The work was translated into English by the eminent British historian Adolphus William Ward (1837–1924) who divided it into five volumes, published between 1868 and 1873. Volume 4 covers the period of Spartan supremacy that followed the Peloponnesian War; the restoration of Athens; Greek relations with Persia; the Corinthian war; the rise of Thebes; and the Theban wars. Curtius' History was a pioneering work of nineteenth-century classical scholarship. For many generations it provided an indispensable guide through the highly complex history of ancient Greece, and it continues to inspire researchers today.
A classical scholar from the University of Oxford, Henry Furneaux (1829–1900) specialised in the writings of the Roman historian Tacitus. This work acquired the name of Annals for the style of history it presents, dealing with events year by year, rather than thematically. The Annals cover the reigns of four Roman emperors, beginning after the death of Augustus. The work originally consisted of sixteen books dealing with a period of 54 years, but several of them are incomplete or have not survived at all. This volume contains the text of Books 13 to 16 (the final book being incomplete), and covers the reign of Nero, a subject which brought out to the full Tacitus' famous style of condemnation through cutting irony. This reissue is taken from Pitman's 1904 edition, abridged 'to serve the needs of students requiring a less copious and advanced commentary' than that supplied by Furneaux.
William Emerton Heitland (1847–1935) was a Cambridge classicist, who was described as having 'a passionate desire to attain the truth'. His most distinguished work, Agricola, published in 1921, is a detailed study of agricultural labour in classical times. He makes use of a wide range of sources, from Homer in the eighth century BCE to Apollinaris Sidonius in the fifth century CE. In asking the question, by whom and under what conditions was the work done, he deals with land tenure, taxation, military service and political theory. He argues that changes in agricultural production were necessarily connected to changes in other areas of society. To a large extent, classical agriculture was based on slavery, and even those who were free tenants had limited legal rights. Roman poets such as Virgil idealised the pastoral life, but may not reflect reality. It is an important sourcebook for social and economic history.
Johann Gustav Droysen (1808–84) belonged to a German school of historical thought influenced by Hegel, which emphasised the role of great individuals in history. A pupil of August Boeckh, his own famous students included Jacob Burckhardt. He was noted for his thorough and painstaking use of source materials, and his history of Alexander the Great (1833) remained the standard work on the subject for many years. Droysen published this pioneering two-volume study of the centuries after Alexander's death in 1836 and 1843; he coined the term 'Hellenism' to refer to this period. Volume 1 is devoted to Alexander's successors and covers the period 323–278 BCE, from Alexander's death to the campaigns of Demetrios Poliorcetes, ending with the invasion of Macedonia by the Gauls during the reign of Antigonus II. The book includes information on classical and medieval sources, chronological tables and an index of names.
Johann Gustav Droysen (1808–84) belonged to a German school of historical thought influenced by Hegel, which emphasised the role of great individuals in history. A pupil of August Boeckh, his own famous students included Jacob Burckhardt. He was noted for his thorough and painstaking use of source materials, and his history of Alexander the Great (1833) remained the standard work on the subject for many years. Droysen published this pioneering two-volume study of the centuries after Alexander's death in 1836 and 1843; he coined the term 'Hellenism' to refer to this period. Volume 2 is devoted to the formation of the Hellenistic states and covers the period 280–221 BCE. It describes power struggles in the Mediterranean region involving Tarentum, Carthage, Rome, the Italic tribes and the Gauls. A substantial appendix lists the colonies founded by Alexander the Great and his successors.
Both the author and the date of this five-volume poem, the first Western document to link the houses of the zodiac with the course of human affairs, are uncertain. The author's name may be Marcus Manilius, or Manlius, or Mallius, and the latest datable event mentioned in the books themselves is the disastrous defeat of Varus' Roman legions by the German tribes in 9 CE. The writing shows knowledge of the work of Lucretius, but the work is not referred to by any subsequent writer, suggesting that it was never widely disseminated. A manuscript was rediscovered by Poggio Bracciolini in 1416 or 1417, and editions were produced by Scaliger and Bentley, but this immensely erudite edition of 1903–1930 by the scholar and poet A. E. Housman (1859–1936) is regarded as authoritative. Volume 5 (which is unfinished) describes the non-zodiacal signs and their influence.
Educated at Palermo, Rome and Heidelberg, the classical and economic historian Karl Julius Beloch (1845–1929) lived most of his life in Italy, becoming a professor extraordinarius of ancient history at the University of Rome in 1879. German scholars, notably Theodor Mommsen, criticised Beloch's work for his scepticism towards traditional material and his more subjective approach. In addition to important work on ancient demography, he produced this controversial yet influential opus, revised and published in four volumes between 1912 and 1927, in which he questions conventional views on Greek history. Each volume in its first part outlines historical events and in the second part goes into greater detail, emphasising Beloch's unique perspective. The first part of Volume 4 covers the origins and the nature of Hellenistic civilisation, looking at topics such as culture, science and general world view at that time.
Educated at Palermo, Rome and Heidelberg, the classical and economic historian Karl Julius Beloch (1845–1929) lived most of his life in Italy, becoming a professor extraordinarius of ancient history at the University of Rome in 1879. German scholars, notably Theodor Mommsen, criticised Beloch's work for his scepticism towards traditional material and his more subjective approach. In addition to important work on ancient demography, he produced this controversial yet influential opus, revised and published in four volumes between 1912 and 1927, in which he questions conventional views on Greek history. Each volume in its first part outlines historical events and in the second part goes into greater detail, emphasising Beloch's unique perspective. The second part of Volume 4 provides information on the genealogies and calendar systems of different Greek peoples during the period of Hellenistic civilisation and includes maps to illustrate geographical developments.
Educated at Palermo, Rome and Heidelberg, the classical and economic historian Karl Julius Beloch (1845–1929) lived most of his life in Italy, becoming a professor extraordinarius of ancient history at the University of Rome in 1879. German scholars, notably Theodor Mommsen, criticised Beloch's work for his scepticism towards traditional material and his more subjective approach. In addition to important work on ancient demography, he produced this controversial yet influential opus, revised and published in four volumes between 1912 and 1927, in which he questions conventional views on Greek history. Each volume in its first part outlines historical events and in the second part goes into greater detail, emphasising Beloch's unique perspective.
