Fluid Machinery ─ Application, Selection and Design

Published nearly a decade ago, Fluid Machinery: Performance, Analysis, and Design quickly became popular with students, professors, and professionals because of its comprehensive and comprehensible introduction to the fluid mechanics of turbomachinery. Renamed to reflect its wider scope and reorganized content, this second edition provides a more logical flow of information that will enhance understanding. In particular, it presents a consistent notation within and across chapters, updating material when appropriate. Although the authors do account for the astounding growth in the field of computational fluid dynamics that has occurred since publication of the first edition, this text emphasizes traditional "one-dimensional" layout and points the way toward using CFD for turbomachinery design and analysis.

Presents Extensive Examples and Design Exercises to Illustrate Performance Parameters and Machine Geometry

By focusing on the preliminary design and selection of equipment to meet performance specifications, the authors promote a basic yet thorough understanding of the subject. They cover topics including gas and hydraulic turbines and equipment that is widely used in the industry, such as compressors, blowers, fans, and pumps.This book promotes a pragmatic approach to turbomachinery application and design, examining a realistic array of difficulties and conflicting requirements. The authors use examples from a broad range of industrial applications to illustrate the generality of the basic design approach and the common ground of seemingly diverse areas of application.With a variety of illustrations, examples, and exercises that emphasize real-world industrial applications, this book not only prepares students to face industrial applications with confidence, but also supplies professionals with a compact and easy-to-use reference.

Philip M. Gerhart holds a BSME degree from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology and MS and PhD degrees from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is a registered professional engineer in Indiana and Ohio. He was a professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Akron from 1971 to 1984, chair of the department of mechanical and civil engineering at the University of Evansville from 1985 to 1995, and has been dean of the College of Engineering and Computer Science since 1995. Dr. Gerhart has written two books and more than 35 scholarly papers and reports. He has been principal investigator on grants from the United States Army, NASA, the National Science Foundation, and the Electric Power Research Institute. He has served as a consultant to several firms in the power and process industries. He serves as an associate director of the Indiana Space Grant Consortium. Dr. Gerhart is a member of the American Society for Engineering Education and a fellow member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. He served as ASME’s vice-president for Performance Test Codes from 1998 to 2001. He has served many years on the Performance Test Codes Standards Committee and the technical committees on fans and fired steam generators.
He was awarded the ASME’s Performance Test Codes Gold Medal in 1993 and the Silver Beaver award from the Boy Scouts of America in 2001.


Terry Wright holds BS, MS, and PhD degrees from aerospace engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology and is a registered professional engineer (retired) from Alabama. He initially joined the Westinghouse Research Laboratories and served there for many years as a research scientist and fellow engineer. Much of his effort in this period was in working with the Sturtevant Division of the Westinghouse Corporation, involved with their design and manufacture of turbomachinery. Dr. Wright became a professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Alabama at Birmingham in the mid-1980s, and was active in teaching and mentoring in fluid mechanics and applications in turbomachinery and minimization of turbomachinery-generated noise. While at the university, he consulted with industrial manufacturers and end users of turbomachinery equipment. In addition to his academic and research activities, he also served as chairman of the department of mechanical engineering through most of the 1990s.

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Preliminary Remarks

1.2 Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

1.3 Units and Nomenclature

1.4 Thermodynamic Variables and Properties

1.5 Reversible Processes, Irreversible Processes and Efficiency With Perfect Gases

1.6 Equations of Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics

1.7 Turbomachines

1.8 Classifications

1.9 Turbomachine Performance and Rating

1.10 Rating and Performance For Liquid Pumps

1.11 Compressible Flow Machines

1.12 Typical Performance Curves

1.13 Machine and System



2 DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND SIMILARITY FOR TURBOMACHINERY

2.1 Dimensionality

2.2 Similitude

2.3 Dimensionless Numbers and Π-Products

2.4 Dimensionless Performance Variables and Similarity for Turbomachinery

2.5 Compressible Flow Similarity

2.6 Specific Speed and Specific Diameter

2.7 Correlations of Machine Type and the Cordier Diagrams



3 SCALING LAWS, LIMITATIONS, AND CAVITATION

3.1 Scaling of Performance

3.2 Limitations and Corrections for Reynolds Number and Surface Roughness

3.3 Compressibility (Mach Number) Limitations and Corrections

3.4 Cavitation Avoidance in Pumps (and Turbines)



4 TURBOMACHINERY NOISE

4.1 Introductory Remarks

4.2 Sound And Noise

4.3 Fan Noise

4.4 Sound Power and Sound Pressure

4.5 Outdoor Propagation

4.6 Indoor Propagation

4.7 A Note on Pump Noise

4.8 Compressor and Turbine Noise



5 PERFORMANCE ESTIMATION, MACHINE SELECTION AND PRELIMINARY DESIGN

5.1 Preliminary Remarks

5.1 Cordier Diagram and Machine Type

5.3 Estimating the Efficiency

5.4 Preliminary Machine Selection

5.5 Fan Selection From Vendor Data

5.6 Pump Selection From Vendor Data

5.7 Selection of Variable Pitch And Variable Inlet Vane Fans



6 FUNDAMENTALS OF FLOW IN TURBOMACHINERY

6.1 Preliminary Remarks

6.2 Blade and Cascade Geometry

6.3 Velocity Diagrams

6.4 Energy (Work) Transfer In A Rotor

6.5 Work, Head, Pressure, and Efficiency

6.6 Preliminary Design of an Axial Fan

6.7 Diffusion Considerations

6.8 Diffusion Limits in Axial Flow Machines

6.9 Preliminary Design and Diffusion Limits in Radial Flow




7 VELOCITY DIAGRAMS AND FLOWPATH LAYOUT

7.1 Preliminary Remarks

7.2 Velocity Diagram Parameters For Axial Flow Machines

7.3 Axial Flow Pumps, Fans, and Compressors

7.4 Axial Flow Turbines

7.5 Hub - Tip Variations For Axial Flow Machines

7.6 Radial And Mixed Flow

7.7 A Mixed Flow Example

7.8 Radial Flow Layout : Centrifugal Blowers

7.9 Radial Flow Layout : A Centrifugal Pump

7.10 Radial Flow Layout : Turbocharger Components

7.11 Diffusers And Volutes

7.12 Axial Flow Diffusers

7.13 Radial Flow : Volute Diffusers




8 TWO-DIMENSIONAL CASCADES

8.1 One, Two, And Three Dimensional Flow Models

8.2 Axial Flow Cascades : Basic Geometry and Simple Flow Models

8.3 Systematic Investigation Axial Cascade Flow

8.4 Correlations for Cascade Performance

8.5 Blade Number and Low-Solidity Cascades

8.6 Diffusion Limitations and Selection of Solidity

8.7 Losses in Diffusing Cascades

8.8 Axial Flow Turbine Cascades

8.9 Radial Flow Cascades

8.10 Solidity Of Centrifugal Cascades




9 QUASI-THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW

9.1 The Quasi-Three-Dimensional Flow Model

9.2 Simple Radial Equilibrium for Axial Flow Machines

9.3 Approximate Solutions for Simple Radial Equilibrium

9.4 Extension to Non-Uniform Inflow

9.5 Quasi-Three-Dimensional Model For Centrifugal Machines

9.6 Simpler Solutions




10 ADVANCED TOPICS IN PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Freestream Turbulence Intensity

10.3 Secondary And Three-Dimensional Flow Effect

10.4 Low Reynolds Number Effects In Axial Flow Cascades

10.5 Stall, Surge, And Loss Of Stability

10.6 Computational Fluid Dynamics In Turbomachinery



Appendices