Low Carbon Transport in Asia: Strategies for Optimizing Co-benefits

Without the effective participation of developing Asia, a climate crisis is certain. Within developing Asia, the key to averting such a crisis lies in low carbon transport. China, India and Asia's other emerging economies could promote fuel efficient vehicles, public transport, and sustainable urban planning. Or they could become locked into inefficient vehicles, energy intensive infrastructure, and suburban sprawl. The path they choose will have long-term implications for the entire world. And it will depend upon the extent to which they adopt a co-benefit approach.

A co-benefit approach involves recognizing that some transport policies mitigate greenhouse gases while simultaneously improving urban air quality, commuting times and energy security. Accounting for these additional benefits can overcome a reluctance to bear the costs of climate actions. But it also presents unique technical, financial, and institutional challenges to decision-makers unaccustomed to optimizing multiple benefits. The book represents a pioneering effort to identify and remove barriers to a co-benefit approach in developing Asia's transport sector.

The introductory section makes the case for co-benefits in developing Asia's transport sector. The second section features analytical frameworks to identify strategies with potential co-benefits, offering new findings on black carbon and dieselization. The third section grounds the analytic work in case studies on fuel switching in Pakistan, urban planning in Bandung, Indonesia, congestion charges in Beijing, vehicle restraints in Hanoi and bus rapid transit in Jakarta. A final section examines whether a post-2012 climate regime can help transform a rapidly motorizing Asia into a low carbon Asia.

This book is essential reading for transport policy makers, planners, and researchers concerned with low carbon transport, climate change and development in Asia and the wider world.

Eric Zusman is a Senior Climate Policy Researcher at the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) in Hayama, Japan

Ancha Srinivasan is a Climate Change Specialist at the Asian Development Bank

Shobhakar Dhakal is the Executive Director of the Global Carbon Project hosted by the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) in Tsukuba, Japan

Foreword. Hironori Hamanaka Preface. Michael P. Walsh 1. Low Carbon Transport and Co-benefits in Asia: An Overview Eric Zusman, Ancha Srinivasan and Shobhakar Dhakal 2. The Co-benefits of Transport Policies in Asia: A Review of the Literature Diego Silva Herran, Naoko Matsumoto 3. Maximizing the Co-benefits of Light-Duty Dieselization in Asia Ray Minjares, Dan Rutherford 4. Reducing Particulate Matter Emissions from Buses and Trucks in Asia: A Framework to Assess Air Pollution and Climate Change Co-Impacts Conor C.O. Reynolds, Andrew P. Grieshop, and Milind Kandlikar 5. Quantifying Co-benefits from Low Carbon Transport in Hanoi, Vietnam Lee Schipper, Wei-Shieun Ng, Le Anh Tuan, and Hans Oern 6. Analyzing the Co-benefits of Transport Policies in Hyderabad, India Sarath Guttikunda, Ramani Kopakka 7. The Co-Benefits of a City Toll in Beijing: Barriers and Solutions Felix Creutzig, Alainna Thomas, Daniel M. Kammen and Elizabeth Deakin 8. Integrating Land Use, Transport, Energy and the Environment: The Case of Bandung, Indonesia Ranjith Perera, Ariva Sugandi Permana 9. Enabling Fuel Switching Pakistan: A Case Study of Compressed Natural Gas Hilal A. Raza, Syed Safdar Zaheer, and Nasreen Farah 10. The Co-benefits of Jakarta’s Bus Rapid Transit (BRT): Getting the Institutions Right Heru Sutomo, Jane Romero, and Eric Zusman 11. Japan’s Approach to Co-benefits: Recognition, Implementation, and Evaluation Kazuhiko Takemoto, Tokuya Wada, and Hirofumi Aizawa 12. International Climate Change Initiatives and Low Carbon Transport in Asia: Perspectives and Prospects Cornie Huizenga 13. The Way Forward