Designing for Situation Awareness ─ An Approach to User-Centered Design

The barrage of data overload is threatening the ability of people to effectively operate in a wide range of systems including aircraft cockpits and ground control stations, military command and control centers, intelligence operations, emergency management, medical systems, air traffic control centers, automobiles, financial and business management systems, space exploration, and power and process control rooms. All of these systems need user interfaces that allow people to effectively manage the information available to gain a high level of understanding of what is currently happening and projections on what will happen next. They need systems designed to support situation awareness.

Addressing the information gap between the plethora of disorganized, low-level data and what decision makers really need to know, Designing for Situation Awareness: An Approach to User-Centered Design, Second Edition provides a successful, systematic methodology and 50 design principles for engineers and designers seeking to improve the situation awareness of their systems' users based on leading research on a wide range of relevant issues.
So, what’s new in the Second Edition:


Significantly expanded and updated examples throughout to a wider range of domains New Chapters: Situation Awareness Oriented Training and Supporting SA in Unmanned and Remotely Operated Vehicles
Updated research findings and expanded discussion of the SA design principles and guidelines to cover new areas of development

Mica R. Endsley is a pioneer and world leader in the study and application of situation awareness in advanced systems. Debra G. Jones work is focused on designing large-scale and complex systems to support situation awareness and dynamic decision making. Completely revised and updated, liberally illustrated with actual design examples, this second edition demonstrates how people acquire and interpret information and examines the factors that undermine this process. Endsley and Jones distill their expertise and translate current research into usable, applicable methods and guidelines.

Mica R. Endsley is a pioneer and world leader in the study and application of situation awareness in advanced systems.
Debra G. Jones's work is focused on designing large-scale and complex systems to support situation awareness and dynamic decision making.

Understanding Situation Awareness in System DesignUser-Centered DesignWho Is This Book For?Why Do We Need User-Centered Design?What Does User-Centered Design Mean?Principles for User-Centered DesignSituation Awareness: The Key to User-Centered DesignWhat Is Situation Awareness?SA DefinedTime as a Part of SASituation Awareness as a Product of the ProcessPerception and AttentionWorking MemoryMental Models, Schema, and ScriptsGoals and SAExpectationsAutomaticity and SASummarySA Demons: The Enemies of Situation AwarenessAttentional TunnelingRequisite Memory TrapWorkload, Anxiety, Fatigue, and Other StressorsData OverloadMisplaced SalienceComplexity CreepErrant Mental ModelsOut-of-the-Loop SyndromeSummaryDesign ProcessSystems Development Life CycleUser Interface Design ProcessSituation Awareness-Oriented DesignCreating Situation Awareness-Oriented DesignsDetermining SA RequirementsGoal-Directed Task AnalysisMethodology OverviewInterviewsDetermining the Preliminary Goal StructureFuture InterviewsInterview Issues Organizational TipsGDTA ValidationPrinciples of Designing for SAFrom Theory to DesignCase Study: SA-Oriented DesignConfidence and Uncertainty in SA and Decision MakingUncertaintyTypes and Sources of Uncertainty Role of Confidence in Linking SA and Decision MakingManagement of Uncertainty Design Principles for Representing UncertaintyDealing with ComplexitySimplified View of ComplexityDesign Principles for Taming ComplexityAlarms, Diagnosis, and SAAn Alarming Practice Processing Alarms in the Context of SAPrinciples for the Design of Alarm SystemsAutomation and Situation AwarenessAutomation: A Help or a Hindrance?Out-of-the-Loop SyndromeAutomation and Level of UnderstandingDecision Support DilemmaNew Approaches to AutomationPrinciples for Designing Automated Systems Designing to Support SA for Multiple and Distributed OperatorsTeam Operations SA in Teams What Is Shared SA?Critical Factors Affecting SA in Teams SA in Distributed TeamsSA Breakdowns in TeamsDesign Principles for Supporting Team Operations Unmanned and Remotely Operated VehiclesUnmanned Vehicles for Many Uses Classes of Unmanned Vehicle ControlHuman Error in Unmanned Vehicle OperationsSituation Awareness Requirements for Unmanned Vehicle OperationsChallenges for SA in Remote OperationsFactors for Effective Design of Unmanned Vehicle Tasks and SystemsSummarySA Oriented Training Need for Training to Enhance SA Challenges for NovicesMental Models Form a Key Mechanism for ExpertiseSchema of Prototypical Situations or PatternsCritical Skills for SAExamples of SA Deficits in Novices Training Approaches for Improving Situation AwarenessSummaryCompleting the Design CycleEvaluating Design Concepts for SAIndirect Measures of Situation AwarenessDirect Measures of Situation AwarenessMeasuring Team SACase Study SummaryApplying SA-Oriented Design to Complex SystemsCombating the Enemies of Situation AwarenessSA-Oriented Design SynergySystem EvaluationFuture DirectionsAppendix A: Goal-Directed Task Analysis for Commercial Airline PilotsReferencesIndex