醫學英語文獻閱讀(二)（簡體書）

隨著我國大學英語教學改革的不斷深入開展，21世紀中國大學英語教育將逐步向專門用途英語方向發展，專門用途英語將成為中國大學英語教育的主流。《高等院校新概念醫學英語系列教材：醫學英語文獻閱讀（2）》是專門用途英語中非常有特色的一個分支。在醫學專業學習、醫學科學研究、臨床醫學工作、國際醫學學術交流活動等方方面面，醫學英語都表現了它在專門用途英語教學和醫學發展過程中越來越重要的作用。如何將大學英語教學與醫科學生的專業培養結合，如何將英語語言學習融合於醫學專業學習之中，這是廣大醫學英語教學工作者面臨的一項極富挑戰性的工作。《高等院校新概念醫學英語系列教材：醫學英語文獻閱讀（2）》適應這種新形勢和挑戰的產物。．

《高等院校新概念醫學英語系列教材:醫學英語文獻閱讀2》適合于大學英語提高階段的教學使用，可供醫學專業高年級、七年制、八年制和碩士研究生等醫科學生作為課程用書，也可供廣大醫學工作者在臨床和教學中作為參考書使用。

Unit 1 Medical ProfessionalismText A Hippocratic Oath，The Medical dealText B Informed ConsentMedical Vocabulary Workshop Diseases and DisordersUnit 2 Medical EducationText A American Medical EducationText B History and PhysicalMedical Vocabulary Workshop Systems and OrgansUnit 3 Basic MedicineText A Pain Modulation and ManagementText B Medical Notes for AdmissionMedical Vocabulary Workshop Major OrgansUnit 4 Clinical MedicineText A Outpatient Management of Severe COPDText B Medical Notes for DischargeMedical Vocabulary Workshop Instruments and ProcessesUnit 5 Clinical SurgeryText A Robotic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Morbid ObesityText B Operative ReportMedical Vocabulary Workshop Surgical OperationsUnit 6 Environmental MedicineText A Gender， Climate Change and HealthText B SOAP Progress ReportMedical Vocabulary Workshop Chemical ElementsUnit 7 Social MedicineText A What is Social Medicine？Text B Referral and ConsultationMedical Vocabulary Workshop Shapes and FormsUnit 8 Disaster MedicineText A Short-term and Medium-term Health Effects of 9/11Text B Drug Description and InstructionMedical Vocabulary Workshop DrugsUnit 9 Evidence-based MedicineText A Evidence-based Medicine or Marketing-based Medicine？……Unit 10 Preventive MedicineUnit 11 NursingUnit 12 Medical EthicsAppendices．

AS compared with placebo,antibiotics decrease the relative risk of treatment failure by approximately 50％when used for COPD exacerbations.Subgroup analysis suggests that antibiotics are most effective when cough and sputum purulence are present.Most trials suggesting the efficacy of antibiotics have compared the use of older antibiotics with placebo.It iS uncertain whether newer classes of antibiotics,such as macrolides and fluoroquinolones.are more effective.Initial outpatient treatment with antibiotics should be based on considerations of cost.safety,and locaI patterns of antibiotic resistance among the bacterial species commonly isolated from sputum during exacerbations.
If an exacerbation is associated with increased breathlessness,patients should be encouraged to increase their use of short-acting bronchodilators.Anticholinergic and β2-agonist bronchodilatorsappear to be equally effective,with little additive benefit from combined use.Areas of Uncertainty
It remains unclear whether spirometry is routinely warranted to diagnose COPD in persons atrisk who are asymptomatic.Whereas the National Lung Health Education Program has advocatedwidespread spirometric testing in medical offices（including testing in persons at risk who do nothave respiratory symptoms）to identify cases of COPD,an evidence-based report sponsored by theAgency for Healthcare Research and Quality concluded that screening persons who are at risk but are asymptomatic would raise overall costs,falsely label many of those tested as having clinically significant disease,and only marginally improve clinical outcomes.In randomized trials,smoking-cessation rates were not increased among patients with early COPD who underwent spirometrictesting and were informed of abnormal results,as compared with patients who did not undergo testing.However,in a recent trial comparing two approaches to informing patients of spirometric results-assigning a"lung age"versus simply reporting the FEV1--the former approch was associated with higher cessation rates at 1 year,which suggests that spirometry may facilitate smoking cessation if the results are presented to patients in an appropriate manner.
The role of disease-management programs for patients with COPD remains uncertain.Randomized.controlled trials of case management for COPD have shown promise in reducing hospitalization rates,but the evidence is insufficient to make specific recommendations.Pulmonary rehabilitation improves health status and exercise capability for selected patients,but national surveys indicate that few patients complete such programs.and it iS unclear how best to maintain the benefits achieved.