Core Level Spectroscopy of Solids

Core level spectroscopy has become a powerful tool in the study of electronic states in solids. From fundamental aspects to the most recent developments, Core Level Spectroscopy of Solids presents the theoretical calculations, experimental data, and underlying physics of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy (RXES).Starting with the basic aspects of core level spectroscopy, the book explains the many-body effects in XPS and XAS as well as several theories. After forming this foundation, the authors explore more advanced features of XPS, XAS, XMCD, and RXES. Topics discussed include hard XPS, resonant photoemission, spin polarization, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS). The authors also use the charge transfer multiplet theory to interpret core level spectroscopy for transition metal and rare earth metal systems. Pioneers in the theoretical and experimental developments of this field, Frank de Groot and Akio Kotani provide an invaluable treatise on the numerous aspects of core level spectroscopy that involve solids.

INTRODUCTIONFUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF CORE LEVEL SPECTROSCOPIESCore holesOverview of core level spectroscopiesInteraction of x-rays with matterOptical transition operators and x-ray absorption spectrumThe interaction of electrons with matterX-ray sourcesElectron sourcesMANY-BODY CHARGE-TRANSFER EFFECTS IN XPS AND XASIntroductionMany-body charge-transfer effects in XPSGeneral expressions of many-body effectsGeneral effects in XPS spectraTypical examples of XPS spectraMany-body charge-transfer effects in XASComparison of XPS and XASCHARGE TRANSFER MULTIPLET THEORYAtomic multiplet theoryLigand field multiplet theoryThe charge transfer multiplet theoryX-RAY PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPYIntroductionExperimental aspectsXPS of TM compoundsXPS of RE compoundsResonant photoemission spectroscopyHard XPSResonant inverse photoemission spectroscopyNonlocal screening effect in XPSAuger photoemission coincidence spectroscopySpin polarization and magnetic dichroism in XPSX-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPYBasics of XASExperimental aspectsThe L2, 3 edges of 3d TM systemsOther x-ray absorption spectra of the 3d TM systemsX-ray absorption spectra of the 4d and 5d TM systemsX-ray absorption spectra of the 4f RE and 5f actinide systemsX-RAY MAGNETIC CIRCULAR DICHROISM IntroductionXMCD effects in the L2, 3 edges of TM ions and compoundsSum rulesXMCD effects in the K edges of transition metalsXMCD effects in the M edges of rare earthsXMCD effects in the L edges of rare earth systemsApplications of XMCDRESONANT X-RAY EMISSION SPECTROSCOPYIntroductionRare earth compoundsHigh Tc Cuprates and related materialsNickel and Cobalt compoundsIron and Manganese compoundsEarly transition metal compoundsElectron spin states detected by RXES and NXESMCD in RXES of ferromagnetic systemsAPPENDICESPrecise derivation of XPS formulaDerivation of Eq. (88) in Chapter 3Fundamental tensor theoryDerivation of the orbital moment sum ruleTheoretical test of the spin sum ruleCalculations of XAS spectra with single electron excitation modelsREFERENCESINDEX