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完全解構學測/指考英文作文
字彙、句構、文章結構是看圖寫作的三大得分關鍵,
詳讀嚴選情境範文,仿作練習強化三大關鍵能力,自然寫出高分短文!
大學學測與指考英文科的非選擇題占比超過總分的四分之一,是考生脫穎而出的關鍵,而看圖作文因能提供具體題材供考生發揮,又能同時測驗其觀察、想像、比較、預測以及精確表達的能力,是近十年來幾乎每年必考的題型。
本書仿照正式考試的出題方式編寫,以問答方式逐句引導考生寫出完整作文。收錄32篇範文、500個高分字彙,詳述17種句構變化與文章結構分析,讓考生精準掌握高分關鍵!
本書特色
模擬學測指考題型 仿照正式考試題目敘述及作答規定,臨場感百分百
精選優美範文題材 高中教材主編與美籍編輯聯手編寫,英文道地實用
嚴選必知高分字彙 依據難易度將單字分類,深入解析,學習成效高
統整核心構句要點 收錄多篇專文詳談文法句構原則,增添句型變化度
引導寫作剖析章法 問答題引導構思,分析範文結構,寫出流暢好作文
作者簡介
洪宏齡
曾先後從事廣播、新聞、教育、及文化工作。任教過中興、東吳、台藝大、世新等大學。長年主編多種英文雜誌。自一九九六年起,主編龍騰版高中英語六冊、康軒國中英語六冊,另出版多本英語學習書籍。
目次
短文寫作要領
本書使用說明
Unit 1 The Fire
Unit 2 Neighbors
Unit 3 The Traffic Ticket
Unit 4 Hometown
Unit 5 Shower
Unit 6 At the Beach
Unit 7 Father’s Day
Unit 8 A Soccer Fan
Unit 9 Flying Kites
Unit 10 Music Stars
Unit 11 Go Hiking
Unit 12 At the Final Exam
Unit 13 Seeing the Daughter Off
Unit 14 Bus Stop
Unit 15 Flood
Unit 16 Sleep
仿作練習參考範文
字彙表
本書使用說明
Unit 1 The Fire
Unit 2 Neighbors
Unit 3 The Traffic Ticket
Unit 4 Hometown
Unit 5 Shower
Unit 6 At the Beach
Unit 7 Father’s Day
Unit 8 A Soccer Fan
Unit 9 Flying Kites
Unit 10 Music Stars
Unit 11 Go Hiking
Unit 12 At the Final Exam
Unit 13 Seeing the Daughter Off
Unit 14 Bus Stop
Unit 15 Flood
Unit 16 Sleep
仿作練習參考範文
字彙表
書摘/試閱
短文寫作要領
英文看圖作文是寫短文,長度約在八至十二句之間,比較接近「段落」(paragraph),而不是一般所謂的「文章」。因此,寫作時應該以「段落」的寫法為準繩。即使將短文再分成兩、三段,仍應遵從段落的起始和結尾寫法。
那麼英文「段落」的組成為何呢?它通常包含主題句(topic sentence),若干支持句或輔助句(supporting sentences),以及結尾句(concluding sentence)。其實這和中文作文所說「起、承、轉、合」的精神不謀而合。下面進一步說明好的英文段落應具備的幾項要素:
1 中心題意:一個段落應該有一個中心題意,也稱為「主旨」,只能有一個,不可多於一個。
2 主題句:中心題意出現在主題句,主題句通常在段落的第一或第二句,偶而也有出現在段落尾的。描寫文則可能沒有主題句。
3 支持句:支持句分析或補充說明主題句。支持句的多寡視情況而定。
4 結尾句:結尾句總是在段落的最後,目的在歸納,提醒讀者先前敘述或討論的事物。
現在以下面這篇短文為例,簡單介紹段落中各項要素,並說明一個段落中各個句
子的關係:
I believe we should have a national pineapple cake festival every year. People in Taiwan like pineapple cakes. The pineapple cake of Taiwan is unique and famous all over Asia. Asian tourists always buy a lot for friends back home. Most importantly, if Westerners can have a pumpkin festival, why can’t we have a pineapple cake festival?
主題句 I believe we should have a national pineapple cake festival every year.
支持句 1 People in Taiwan like pineapple cakes.
支持句 2 The pineapple cake of Taiwan is unique and famous all over Asia.
支持句 3 Asian tourists always buy a lot for friends back home.
結尾句 Most importantly, if Westerners can have a pumpkin festival, why can’t we have a pineapple cake festival?
主題句(Topic Sentence)
主題句呈現中心題意,一方面明白告訴讀者整段訴說何事,另一方面也提醒作者自己在寫作時緊扣主旨。換句話說,主題句規定了段落的內容。
段落的主題句一般是第一句〈偶爾也看到主題句出現在段落的最後,甚至不明顯〉。如果短文分成三小段,主題句就算不是第一句,也最好在第一小段。主題句早點出現可以抓住讀者—─極可能是主考官—─的視線。
假設現在要寫一篇有關My Best Friend的短文,下面三個句子哪一句最適合當主題句呢?
(A) All my schoolmates like John.
(B) I usually see John on weekends.
(C) My neighbor John is my best friend.
(A)句提到「全校同學」,而題目只是「我的」,顯得太過廣泛,不適宜作主題句。(B)句也不恰當,因為立即談到見面次數,太過狹窄。(C)句最適合當主題句,可接著敘述John為什麼是最好的朋友。
假設現在要為下面這個段落決定主題句,(A)、(B)、(C)三句哪一句可以作為短文的主題句呢?〈提示:主題句在規定段落的內容〉
_________________________________. Every morning, I have to take the 7:00 bus from my village to school. If I don’t catch it, I’ll miss the first class at eight o’clock. Unfortunately, there are always a lot of people wanting to go into town at that hour, so the 7:00 bus is usually very crowded. Sometimes, there is not even standing room on the bus. To ride on a bus like that for 45 minutes is torture. 註1
(A) Going to school in the morning takes a lot of time.
(B) Taking the bus to school is quite unpleasant for me.
(C) I would rather go to school on a bicycle than take the bus.
顯然(B)才是最佳選擇。
支持句(Supporting Sentences)
顧名思義,支持句支持主題句,進一步闡述主題句,提供證據和細節。支持句的多寡不一定,但寫短文以五至八句較為合宜。重點是,支持句與支持句之間要有邏輯上的關聯,而且各句順序要環環相扣,避免夾雜不相關的句子。
請找出下面這篇短文中,哪一句與全文無關?
1Green Island, though geographically small, is ecologically rich. 2Green Island is a little volcanic island located in the Pacific Ocean, 33 kilometers east of Taitung. 3The island is 15 square kilometers. 4The coastline is only 20 kilometers long, and the tallest mountain is 281 meters high. 5Last summer, when we visited the island, it took us two hours to finish a round-the-island tour. 6Despite its size, the seas around Green Island are abundant with more than 200 different species of colorful coral. 7Furthermore, over 300 varieties of fish can be found all year round. 8Green Island is a nice place for fishing and touring. 註2
第五句Last summer, when we visited the island, it took us two hours to finish a round the island tour.,與其他支持句沒有關連,應刪除,使短文更加流暢通順。
總之,寫支持句時要時時注意各句和主題句是否關連,也要注意各支持句的順序是否緊湊嚴密。
結尾句(Concluding Sentence)
寫長篇的作文時,有些段落的確可以沒有結尾句。但是寫短文或單獨段落時,有結尾句大有好處,可以達到「合」的境界,向讀者提出「摘要」,加深讀者對該短文的了解。
結尾句的寫法可分為兩種,一種是主題句的變形,要用不同的句型或字眼改寫主題句,這種做法一方面可以避免重複,一方面又達到增加讀者印象的功效。例如:
主題句 Taking the bus to school is quite unpleasant for me.
變形結尾句 To ride on a bus like that for 45 minutes is torture.
主題句 Green Island is ecologically rich.
變形結尾句 Green Island is a nice place for fishing and touring.
另一種寫法則是提出個人反應,可以是評論、觀感,或進一步的意見。
例如:Not only in cooking but also in medicine does garlic play an important role. Native to Asia and grown in southern Europe, garlic is one of the most popular cooking ingredients. Its unique favor cannot be missed in Chinese and Italian cuisine. Moreover, herbalists in China and some other Asian countries believe that garlic has medical benefits. In cold weather, eating raw garlic is common practice in Asian countries to prevent a cold or related illness. Most recently, garlic has also been shown to prevent cancer in some studies. ____________________.註3
則最後一句可以是Eating more garlic can give us a healthier body.(意見式結尾句)或So we say that garlic is very useful.(呼應式結尾句)
連接語詞(Connectors)
句子與句子之間往往需要「橋樑」,也就是連接語詞,或稱轉折語。並不是所有的句子都需要連接語詞,通常在語氣承轉或表現緊密或衝突關係時,連接語詞用得得體,文章的上下銜接才會條理分明,易讀易懂。
連接語詞包括
1 對等連接詞:and, or, but
2 副詞:specifically, fortunately, finally therefore, because
3 介系詞片語:at the same time, for example, in short
英文看圖作文是寫短文,長度約在八至十二句之間,比較接近「段落」(paragraph),而不是一般所謂的「文章」。因此,寫作時應該以「段落」的寫法為準繩。即使將短文再分成兩、三段,仍應遵從段落的起始和結尾寫法。
那麼英文「段落」的組成為何呢?它通常包含主題句(topic sentence),若干支持句或輔助句(supporting sentences),以及結尾句(concluding sentence)。其實這和中文作文所說「起、承、轉、合」的精神不謀而合。下面進一步說明好的英文段落應具備的幾項要素:
1 中心題意:一個段落應該有一個中心題意,也稱為「主旨」,只能有一個,不可多於一個。
2 主題句:中心題意出現在主題句,主題句通常在段落的第一或第二句,偶而也有出現在段落尾的。描寫文則可能沒有主題句。
3 支持句:支持句分析或補充說明主題句。支持句的多寡視情況而定。
4 結尾句:結尾句總是在段落的最後,目的在歸納,提醒讀者先前敘述或討論的事物。
現在以下面這篇短文為例,簡單介紹段落中各項要素,並說明一個段落中各個句
子的關係:
I believe we should have a national pineapple cake festival every year. People in Taiwan like pineapple cakes. The pineapple cake of Taiwan is unique and famous all over Asia. Asian tourists always buy a lot for friends back home. Most importantly, if Westerners can have a pumpkin festival, why can’t we have a pineapple cake festival?
主題句 I believe we should have a national pineapple cake festival every year.
支持句 1 People in Taiwan like pineapple cakes.
支持句 2 The pineapple cake of Taiwan is unique and famous all over Asia.
支持句 3 Asian tourists always buy a lot for friends back home.
結尾句 Most importantly, if Westerners can have a pumpkin festival, why can’t we have a pineapple cake festival?
主題句(Topic Sentence)
主題句呈現中心題意,一方面明白告訴讀者整段訴說何事,另一方面也提醒作者自己在寫作時緊扣主旨。換句話說,主題句規定了段落的內容。
段落的主題句一般是第一句〈偶爾也看到主題句出現在段落的最後,甚至不明顯〉。如果短文分成三小段,主題句就算不是第一句,也最好在第一小段。主題句早點出現可以抓住讀者—─極可能是主考官—─的視線。
假設現在要寫一篇有關My Best Friend的短文,下面三個句子哪一句最適合當主題句呢?
(A) All my schoolmates like John.
(B) I usually see John on weekends.
(C) My neighbor John is my best friend.
(A)句提到「全校同學」,而題目只是「我的」,顯得太過廣泛,不適宜作主題句。(B)句也不恰當,因為立即談到見面次數,太過狹窄。(C)句最適合當主題句,可接著敘述John為什麼是最好的朋友。
假設現在要為下面這個段落決定主題句,(A)、(B)、(C)三句哪一句可以作為短文的主題句呢?〈提示:主題句在規定段落的內容〉
_________________________________. Every morning, I have to take the 7:00 bus from my village to school. If I don’t catch it, I’ll miss the first class at eight o’clock. Unfortunately, there are always a lot of people wanting to go into town at that hour, so the 7:00 bus is usually very crowded. Sometimes, there is not even standing room on the bus. To ride on a bus like that for 45 minutes is torture. 註1
(A) Going to school in the morning takes a lot of time.
(B) Taking the bus to school is quite unpleasant for me.
(C) I would rather go to school on a bicycle than take the bus.
顯然(B)才是最佳選擇。
支持句(Supporting Sentences)
顧名思義,支持句支持主題句,進一步闡述主題句,提供證據和細節。支持句的多寡不一定,但寫短文以五至八句較為合宜。重點是,支持句與支持句之間要有邏輯上的關聯,而且各句順序要環環相扣,避免夾雜不相關的句子。
請找出下面這篇短文中,哪一句與全文無關?
1Green Island, though geographically small, is ecologically rich. 2Green Island is a little volcanic island located in the Pacific Ocean, 33 kilometers east of Taitung. 3The island is 15 square kilometers. 4The coastline is only 20 kilometers long, and the tallest mountain is 281 meters high. 5Last summer, when we visited the island, it took us two hours to finish a round-the-island tour. 6Despite its size, the seas around Green Island are abundant with more than 200 different species of colorful coral. 7Furthermore, over 300 varieties of fish can be found all year round. 8Green Island is a nice place for fishing and touring. 註2
第五句Last summer, when we visited the island, it took us two hours to finish a round the island tour.,與其他支持句沒有關連,應刪除,使短文更加流暢通順。
總之,寫支持句時要時時注意各句和主題句是否關連,也要注意各支持句的順序是否緊湊嚴密。
結尾句(Concluding Sentence)
寫長篇的作文時,有些段落的確可以沒有結尾句。但是寫短文或單獨段落時,有結尾句大有好處,可以達到「合」的境界,向讀者提出「摘要」,加深讀者對該短文的了解。
結尾句的寫法可分為兩種,一種是主題句的變形,要用不同的句型或字眼改寫主題句,這種做法一方面可以避免重複,一方面又達到增加讀者印象的功效。例如:
主題句 Taking the bus to school is quite unpleasant for me.
變形結尾句 To ride on a bus like that for 45 minutes is torture.
主題句 Green Island is ecologically rich.
變形結尾句 Green Island is a nice place for fishing and touring.
另一種寫法則是提出個人反應,可以是評論、觀感,或進一步的意見。
例如:Not only in cooking but also in medicine does garlic play an important role. Native to Asia and grown in southern Europe, garlic is one of the most popular cooking ingredients. Its unique favor cannot be missed in Chinese and Italian cuisine. Moreover, herbalists in China and some other Asian countries believe that garlic has medical benefits. In cold weather, eating raw garlic is common practice in Asian countries to prevent a cold or related illness. Most recently, garlic has also been shown to prevent cancer in some studies. ____________________.註3
則最後一句可以是Eating more garlic can give us a healthier body.(意見式結尾句)或So we say that garlic is very useful.(呼應式結尾句)
連接語詞(Connectors)
句子與句子之間往往需要「橋樑」,也就是連接語詞,或稱轉折語。並不是所有的句子都需要連接語詞,通常在語氣承轉或表現緊密或衝突關係時,連接語詞用得得體,文章的上下銜接才會條理分明,易讀易懂。
連接語詞包括
1 對等連接詞:and, or, but
2 副詞:specifically, fortunately, finally therefore, because
3 介系詞片語:at the same time, for example, in short
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