The Roots of Cognitive Neuroscience ─ Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychology

The Roots of Cognitive Neuroscience takes a close look at what we can learn about our minds from how brain damage impairs our cognitive and emotional systems. This approach has a long and rich tradition dating back to the 19th century. With the rise of new technologies, such as functional neuroimaging and non-invasive brain stimulation, interest in mind-brain connections among scientists and the lay public has grown exponentially. Behavioral neurology and neuropsychology offer critical insights into the neuronal implementation of large-scale cognitive and affective systems. The book starts out by making a strong case for the role of single case studies as a way to generate new hypotheses and advance the field. This chapter is followed by a review of work done before the First World War demonstrating that the theoretical issues that investigators faced then remain fundamentally relevant to contemporary cognitive neuroscientists. The rest of the book covers central topics in cognitive neuroscience including the nature of memory, language, perception, attention, motor control, body representations, the self, emotions, and pharmacology. There are chapters on modeling and neuronal plasticity as well as on visual art and creativity. Each of these chapters take pains to clarify how this research strategy informs our understanding of these large scale systems by scrutinizing the systematic nature of their breakdown. Taken together, the chapters show that the roots of cognitive neuroscience, behavioral neurology and neuropsychology, continue to ground our understanding of the biology of mind and are as important today as they were 150 years ago.

Anjan Chatterjee, MD, is Professor of Neurology at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Chatterjee is a cognitive neurologist who has published widely on visual-spatial and temporal cognition, language, aesthetics and ethics. His work encompasses research with focally brain-damaged patients as well as functional neuroimaging of normal healthy subjects. He directs the Behavoral/Cognitive Neurology course at the American Academy of Neurology annual meeting, and has also served the field through membership on NIH study sections and as a question writer for Part IIB of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. In 2002 he won the AAN's Norman Geschwind Prize for Research in Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology. He is an Associate Editor of the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, and serves on the editorial boards of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Behavi oural Neurology, Neuropsychology and Empirical Studies of the Arts.H. Branch Coslett, MD, is Professor of Neurology at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Coslett is a cognitive neurologist who has published widely on visual attention, the neglect syndrome, motor imagery and motor planning, temporal cognition and language. He has worked with patients with focal brain lesions, traumatic brain injury and degenerative conditions of the brain. He also employs Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; he directs the Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr, Coslett has served on numerous NIH study sections and as a member of the committee charged by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology with creating the Board Certification examination. He is a member of the editorial boards of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Brain and Language and Neurocase. Dr . Coslett has served on the Boards of the International Neuropsychology Society, the Academy of Aphasia and the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology.