Calling the Shots ─ The President, Executive Orders, and Public Policy

Modern presidents are CEOs with broad powers over the federal government

The United States Constitution lays out three hypothetically equal branches of governmentthe executive, the legislative, and the judicial--but over the years, the president, as head of the executive branch, has emerged as the usually dominant political and administrative force at the federal level. In fact, Daniel Gitterman tells us, the president effectively is the CEO of an enormous federal bureaucracy.

Using the unique legal authority delegated by thousands of laws, the ability to issue executive orders, and the capacity to shape how federal agencies write and enforce rules, the president calls the shots as to how the government is run on a daily basis. Modern presidents have, for example, used the power of the purchaser to require federal contractors to pay a minimum wage and to prohibit contracting with federal contractors that knowingly employ unauthorized alien workers.

Presidents and their staffs use specific tools, including executive orders and memoranda to agency heads, as instruments of political control of and influence over the government and the private sector. For more than a century, they have used these tools without violating the separation of powers. Calling the Shots demonstrates how each of these executive powers is a powerful weapon of coercion and redistribution in the president's political and policymaking arsenal.

Daniel P. Gitterman holds the Thomas Willis Lambeth Distinguished Chair in Public Policy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Gitterman’s research interests include the American presidency and public policy, and American politics of social policy. His book, Boosting Paychecks: The Politics of Supporting America’s Working Poor, published by Brookings Institution Press, examines the role of federal income tax and minimum wage in supporting low-income working families in the United States.