Studies in Poetic Discourse ― Mallarme, Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Holderlin

This study of four major poets - Mallarme, Baudelaire, Rimbaud, and Holderlin - examines the self-reflexivity of modern poetry, exploring questions concerning what it means for a poem to be "about" its own process of saying. What does it mean to read and understand a text that is focused not on its content but on its saying? What kind of relation does a writer have to the language used in a text? How are we to think about the relation of content to the saying?
In the chapter on Mallarme, the author uses several close readings to investigate the referentiality of literature in general and the concept of "undecidability" in Mallarme. For example, in "A la nue accablante tu" he shows the way undecidability operates in syntax, metaphorics, sounds, and plays on individual letters of the alphabet. The chapter on Rimbaud explores the significance of the poet's famous statement "JE est un autre" ("I is an other"), leading to a meditation on the question of the control of the author, the relationship between saying and that which is said, the way in which language overwhelms the speaker. In the Baudelaire chapter, the author analyzes the themes of memory and imagination in Baudelaire's writings on painting and Victor Hugo, showing how these themes reveal the writer's thoughts on artistic conception and execution. The author then reads Holderlin's hymn "Der Rhein" with the fifth of Rousseau's "Reveries du promeneur solitaire," showing how in Holderlin's poem and other texts the crucial issue is a paradoxical relationship between lack and fullness or perfection. The final Holderlin chapter presents a sustained critique of Heidegger's exegesis of Holderlin, opening new avenues in the discussions of both Holderlin and Heidegger.

Hans-Jost Frey is Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of Zurich.