The Essentials of Clinical Reasoning for Nurses ─ Using the Outcome-Present State-Test Model for Reflective Practice

This guide explains the use of the OPT (Outcome-Present State-Test) Model of clinical reasoning in nursing. The model emphasizes reflection, outcome specification, testing, and the development of clinical judgment and supports the use and application of critical, creative, systems, and complexity thinking in clinical practice. The guide describes the development and evolution of clinical reasoning in nursing, the importance and value of standardized terms for defining nursing knowledge and making nursing care visible, and the role of metacognition, critical, creative, systems, and complexity thinking, as well as the ways that thinking strategies and tactics support the development of self-regulatory learning, and mastering the model. It details applications of the model in case studies of neonatal health, adolescents and young adults, women’s health, men’s health, older adults, and end-of-life cases, as well as innovative applications, with the Omaha System, clinical supervision and debriefing, curriculum development, and interprofessional education. Annotation ©2017 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)