The Middle Passage ─ White Ships / Black Cargo

Alex Haley's Roots awakened many Americans to the cruelty of slavery. The Middle Passage focuses attention on the torturous journey which brought slaves from Africa to the Americas, allowing readers to bear witness to the sufferings of an entire people.

"When I am asked what kind of work I do, my answer is that I am astoryteller in picture form, who tries to reflect and interpret thelives and experiences of the people who gave me life. When I am askedwho I am, I say I am an African who was born in America. Both answersconnect me specifically with my past and present...therefore I bring tomy art a quality which is rooted in the culture of Africa...and expandedby the experience of being black in America. I use the vehicle of 'fineart' and 'illustration' as a viable expression of form, yet strivingalways to do this from an African perspective, an African world view,and above all to tell the African story; this is my content. Thestruggle to create artwork, as well as to live creatively under anyconditions and survive (like my ancestors), embodies my particularheritage in America."

Born in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn, NewYork, Tom Feelings attended the George Westinghouse Vocational HighSchool where he majored in Art. After graduation, he received ascholarship to the Cartoonists' and Illustrators' School which heattended for two years. Joining the Air Force in 1953, he was stationedin London, England, where he worked in the graphics division of theThird Air Force as a staff artist. From 1959 until 1964 he worked as afreelance artist while attending The School of Visual Arts in New York. During this freelance period, his primary subjects were drawn from theAfrican American people of his community. He traveled to the South in1961 to draw the people of black rural communities and some of thesedrawings were published in Look magazine as part of a featureentitled "The Negro in the U.S."

In 1964, he traveledto Ghana, where he spent two years working both as an illustrator forthe African Review Magazine and for Ghana's governmentpublishing house, teaching illustration. Returning to the United Statesin 1966, he continued to concentrate on illustrating books with Africanand African-American themes. Julius Lester's To Be A Slave,published by Dial and illustrated by Mr. Feelings, was chosen as a 1969Newbery Honor Book -- the first time a black author received this award. From 1971 to 1974, Mr. Feelings lived in Guyana, South America, workingas a teacher and consultant for the Ministry of Education, trainingyoung artists in textbook illustration.

Tom Feelings has receivednumerous awards for his art in books. In 1972, he was the first AfricanAmerican artist to win a Caldecott Honor Award forMoja Means One: A Swahili Counting Book and in 1975 hewon a second Caldecott Honor Award for Jambo Means Hello: ASwahili Alphabet Book, both written by Muriel Feelings. Jambo Means Hello also won the prestigious BienaleIllustrations Bratislava Award and received a nomination for theAmerican Book Award in 1982. Something On My Mind wonthe Coretta Scott King Award in 1978, and in 1994 he won his secondCoretta Scott King Award for Soul Looks Back In Wonder.ForDaydreamers, with poems by Eloise Greenfield, hereceived a Coretta Scott King Honor Award. Mr. Feelings alsoillustrated Now Sheba Sings The Song, written by MayaAngelou. The School of Visual Arts in New York recognized him with itsOutstanding Achievement Award in 1974. He has received eightCertificates of Merit from the Society of Illustrators, and the NationalEndowment for the Arts awarded him a Visual Artists Fellowship Grant in1982.