Biometry: Technology, Trends and Applications

Biometrics provide quantitative representations of human features, physiological and behavioral. This book presents a compilation of biometric technologies studied and developed at various research groups in Tecnologico de Monterrey. It starts by providing a summary of biometric systems as a whole; explaining the principles behind physiological and behavioral biometrics and exploring different types of commercial and experimental technologies, as well as current and future applications in the fields of security, military, criminology, healthcare, education, business, and marketing.

Two chapters provide examples of biometric systems using brain signals or electroencephalography (EEG). One discusses the use of mobile and home EEG in children's natural environments. At the same time, the other focuses on the relevance of such technology in monitoring epileptic encephalopathies in children.

Using reliable physiological signal acquisition techniques, functional Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) become possible. This is the case of an HMI used for assistive navigation systems, controlled via voice commands, head, and eye movements. Another chapter presents a detailed description of the BCI framework and explores novel applications of user-centered BCIs, oriented towards rehabilitation, human performance, and treatment monitoring.

Massive data acquisition also plays an essential role in the evolution of biometric systems. Here, machine learning, deep learning, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are important allies. They allow the construction of models that can aid in early diagnosis, seizure detection, and data-centered medical decisions. Such techniques will eventually lead to a more concise understanding of humans.