In 1644 the Qing dynasty seized power in China. Its Manchu elite were at first seen by most of their subjects as foreigners from beyond the Great Wall, and the consolidation of Qing rule presented sig
In recent years, research on the history of early modern cartography has undergone remarkable developments. At the same time, European travel accounts and works on China and Japan are also being inves
Xu Guangqi was one of the first promoters of Western science in China, worked together with the Jesuit Matteo Ricci on translations of Western science, was one of the first Chinese converts, a high-ra
