The Liber Manualis is a guidebook to conduct and survival in tumultuous times written by a Carolingian mother for her adolescent son. This edition provides the only complete translation in English, ac
In the middle of the 9th century William, the son of the Frankish nobelwoman Dhuoda, was held hostage by Charles the Bald. At the same time, Dhuoda's younger son was missing, lost in war. Dhuoda expre
