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The states of Egypt, India, Mexico and Turkey have all developed extensive public enterprise sectors and have sought to regulate most economic activities outside the state sector. Their experiences have been typical of scores of developing countries that followed similar paths of industrialisation. This 1993 study examines the origins of these state sectors, the dynamics of their growth and crises, and the efforts to reform or liquidate them. It is argued that public ownership creates its own culture and pathology that are similar across otherwise different systems. The logic of principal-agent relations under public ownership is so powerful that it swamps culture and peculiar institutional histories. While public sectors accumulate powerful associated interests over time, against most predictions these prove relatively powerless to block the reform process.

The states of Egypt, India, Mexico and Turkey have all developed extensive public enterprise sectors and have sought to regulate most economic activities outside the state sector. Their experiences have been typical of scores of developing countries that followed similar paths of industrialisation. This 1993 study examines the origins of these state sectors, the dynamics of their growth and crises, and the efforts to reform or liquidate them. It is argued that public ownership creates its own culture and pathology that are similar across otherwise different systems. The logic of principal-agent relations under public ownership is so powerful that it swamps culture and peculiar institutional histories. While public sectors accumulate powerful associated interests over time, against most predictions these prove relatively powerless to block the reform process.

None of the momentous challenges Arab universities face is unique either in kind or degree. Other societies exhibit some of the same pathologies―insufficient resources, high drop-out rates, feeble con

In their political economy of the Middle East, Richards (economics and environmental studies, U. of California at Santa Cruz, US) and Waterbury (president, American U. of Beirut, Lebanon) focus on maj

"These essays are of uniformly high quality, scholarly in tone, while addressing concerns of utmost importance for an understanding of Middle East politics. [The editors] provide an excellent overview

Discusses the characteristics and realities of long-term emotional damage caused by abuse and offers hope and healing for overcoming past pain.

Religious guidance for those who are striving to overcome the consequences of abuse, mental illness, and other unhealthy behaviors.

A landmark analysis of the ongoing socioeconomic transformations of the Middle East, now with an epilogue on the Arab Spring.

A Political Economy of the Middle East is the most comprehensive analysis of the political economy of development in the contemporary Middle East over the past several decades, examining the interacti