Demonstrates for the first time that the cause of the Umayyad caliphate’s collapse came not just from internal conflict, but from a number of external and concurrent factors that exceeded the caliphat
A detailed account of two crucial years in early Islam, A. H. 12-13 (A. D. 633-35), in which the nascent Medinan state founded by The Prophet overran the Fertile Crescent, and became an empire under t
