Beginning in the 1840s, black men and women heard the call to go west, migrating to California in search of gold, independence, freedom, and land to call their own. By the mid-1850s, a lively African
This work examines how African Americans living in San Francisco experienced discrimination in work and housing and at the hands of the police between 1945 and 1975, a period of extremely rapid growth
Set in the San Francisco Bay area during World War II, Bright Web in the Darkness is a novel that illuminates the role of women workers during the war and the efforts of African Americans to achieve r
Smith (political science, San Francisco State U.) argues that, in the United States, conservatism has been hostile to the aspirations of African Americans in ideology and in practice; that conservatis
