In the wake of the Ottoman Empire’s nineteenth-century reforms, as guilds waned and new professions emerged, the scholarly ‘estate’ underwent social differentiation. Some found employment in the state
Explores the influences that triggered the Arabic awakening, the 'nahdah', from the 1700s onwards. To understand today's Arab thinking, you need to go back to the beginnings of modernity: the nahdah o
The GDP of the United Arab Emirate's (UAE) economy is reported to have grown 35% in 2006, making it one of the fastest growing economies in the world. This has attracted unprecedented levels of forei
