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The chemical composition of the Universe has evolved over billions of years. A host of astrophysical processes and observations must be understood in order to explain why celestial objects have the chemical compositions observed. Originally published in 2004, this book contains the lectures delivered at the XIII Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics, which was dedicated to reviewing current knowledge about the origin and evolution of the chemical elements in the Universe. Written by seven prestigious astrophysics researchers, it covers cosmological and stellar nucleosynthesis, abundance determinations in stars and ionised nebulae, chemical composition of nearby and distant galaxies, and models of chemical evolution of galaxies and intracluster medium. This is a timely review of developments in cosmochemistry over the last decade.

Supernovae and gamma-ray bursts are the strongest explosions in the Universe. Observations show that, rather than being symmetrical, they are driven by strong jets of energy and other asymmetrical effects. These observations demand theories and computations that challenge the biggest computers. This volume marks the transition to a fresh paradigm in the study of stellar explosions. It highlights the burgeoning era of routine supernova polarimetry and the insights into core collapse and thermonuclear explosions. With chapters by leading scientists, the book summarises the status of a fresh perspective on stellar explosions and should be a valuable resource for graduate students and research scientists.

Supernovae and gamma-ray bursts are the strongest explosions in the Universe. Observations show that, rather than being symmetrical, they are driven by strong jets of energy and other asymmetrical effects. These observations demand theories and computations that challenge the biggest computers. This volume marks the transition to a fresh paradigm in the study of stellar explosions. It highlights the burgeoning era of routine supernova polarimetry and the insights into core collapse and thermonuclear explosions. With chapters by leading scientists, the book summarises the status of a fresh perspective on stellar explosions and should be a valuable resource for graduate students and research scientists.

This timely volume examines all aspects of gravitational dynamics. It provides a broad, pedagogical introduction for graduate students, and an up-to-date review for researchers in cosmology, astrophys

A new generation of large, ground-based telescopes are just coming into operation. They will take astronomical research well into the next century. These extremely powerful telescopes demand specially

Based on a meeting to honour the pioneering work of Igor Novikov, this book presents nineteen chapters by a team of world-renowned experts. It provides researchers with a broad overview of modern rela

With advances in observational techniques and computer code, research in interstellar turbulence has made spectacular progress in recent years. This book provides graduate students and researchers wit

Bulges lie at the center of spiral galaxies. This timely volume presents review articles by a panel of international experts. It provides a state-of-the-art picture of our new understanding of these f

One of the most dynamic areas of research in astronomy for two reasons. Brown dwarfs bridge the gap between stars and planets, and they may contribute to the 'dark matter' of the Universe. This volume

What is the Universe made of? How old is it? How does a supernova explode? Can we detect black holes? And where do cosmic rays originate? This volume provides a comprehensive and pedagogical introduction to modern ideas and challenging problems in nuclear and particle astrophysics. Based on a graduate school, specially written articles by eight leading experts cover a wealth of exciting topics, including the search for black holes, nucleosynthesis and neutrino transport in supernovae, the physics of neutron stars, massive neutrinos, cosmic ray physics and astrophysics, and physical cosmology. Together, they present the Universe as a laboratory for testing cutting-edge physics and bridge the gap between conference proceedings and specialised monographs. This volume provides an invaluable resource for graduate students and active researchers in nuclear and particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology.

Advances in theory and laboratory experiments coupled with breakthrough observations with new telescopes and satellites have revolutionized our understanding of molecular hydrogen in space. This book