Following the Congress of Vienna in 1815 the 'Congress System' became the primary system of international relations in Europe. So central was the Austrian Chancellor Metternich to the political-legal
In the maelstrom of Napoleonic Europe, Britain remained defiant, resisting French imperial ambitions. This Anglo-French rivalry was, essentially, a politico-economic conflict for pre-eminence fought o
Egypt during the British occupation (1882-1922) was a strategically important site for securing British interests in the region. Most studies of Britons in Egypt during the occupation focus on the liv
Webb (history, King's College, University of London) utilizes a variety of source materials from the sixth century to the Reformation to explore the way that Christian pilgrimages related to a variety
Women's emancipation through productive labour was a key tenet of socialist politics in post-World War II Yugoslavia. Mass industrialisation under Tito led many young women to join traditionally 'femi
"Two Romes have fallen. The third stands. And there will be no fourth."So spoke Russian monk Hegumen Filofei of Pskov in 1510, proclaiming Muscovite Russia as heirs to the legacy of the Roman Empire f
Reason has always held an uncertain position within Christianity. "I believe because it is absurd'," wrote Tertullian in the third century as he dismissed rational thought. For Augustine of Hippo, rea
The postwar government of South Africa, led by H.F. Verwoerd, implemented wide-ranging racial segregation laws, beginning the open policy of apartheid in one of Africa's most prosperous and internatio
From the turmoil and tragedy of the French Revolution to the rise and fall of the enigmatic figure of Napoleon Bonaparte, the history of France between 1789 and 1815 is one of the most enduringly fasc
As the vast empire of Imperial Russia struggled with the emancipation of the serfs after 1861 and creeped inexorably towards revolution, Leo Tolstoy underwent what he termed a 'spiritual awakening'. A
Discusses the chief themes of Zoroastrianism: the emergence of the religion from its pre-Zoroastrian past; its core doctrines, rituals and teachings; its expansion as the foremost faith of the Achaeme
