This is the first book devoted to quantum state diffusion (QSD) and its applications to open quantum systems and to the foundations of quantum mechanics. Experiments with detailed control over individual quantum systems have changed the face of quantum physics. These systems include atoms at the low temperatures attained by the 1997 Nobel Laureates, they include entangled photons in cavities, and they include the quantum systems used in new and future technologies like quantum cryptography and quantum computation. The experiments have led to a revival of interest in the foundations of quantum mechanics. QSD is used both as a theoretical and computational tool to study these systems, and as the basis of new approaches to the foundations. The book will interest graduate students and researchers in quantum mechanics and its applications, including quantum optics, quantum statistics, the philosophy of quantum theory and theoretical molecular biology.
This is an exceptionally accessible, accurate, and non-technical introduction to quantum mechanics. After briefly summarizing the differences between classical and quantum behaviour, this engaging account considers the Stern-Gerlach experiment and its implications, treats the concepts of probability, and then discusses the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox and Bell's theorem. Quantal interference and the concept of amplitudes are introduced and the link revealed between probabilities and the interference of amplitudes. Quantal amplitude is employed to describe interference effects. Final chapters explore exciting new developments in quantum computation and cryptography, discover the unexpected behaviour of a quantal bouncing-ball, and tackle the challenge of describing a particle with no position. Thought-provoking problems and suggestions for further reading are included. Suitable for use as a course text, The Strange World of Quantum Mechanics enables students to develop a genuine unde
This is an exceptionally accessible, accurate, and non-technical introduction to quantum mechanics. After briefly summarizing the differences between classical and quantum behaviour, this engaging account considers the Stern-Gerlach experiment and its implications, treats the concepts of probability, and then discusses the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox and Bell's theorem. Quantal interference and the concept of amplitudes are introduced and the link revealed between probabilities and the interference of amplitudes. Quantal amplitude is employed to describe interference effects. Final chapters explore exciting new developments in quantum computation and cryptography, discover the unexpected behaviour of a quantal bouncing-ball, and tackle the challenge of describing a particle with no position. Thought-provoking problems and suggestions for further reading are included. Suitable for use as a course text, The Strange World of Quantum Mechanics enables students to develop a genuine unde
Algebraic number theory is a subject which came into being through the attempts of mathematicians to try to prove Fermat's last theorem and which now has a wealth of applications to diophantine equations, cryptography, factoring, primality testing and public-key cryptosystems. This book provides an introduction to the subject suitable for senior undergraduates and beginning graduate students in mathematics. The material is presented in a straightforward, clear and elementary fashion, and the approach is hands on, with an explicit computational flavour. Prerequisites are kept to a minimum, and numerous examples illustrating the material occur throughout the text. References to suggested reading and to the biographies of mathematicians who have contributed to the development of algebraic number theory are given at the end of each chapter. There are over 320 exercises, an extensive index, and helpful location guides to theorems and lemmas in the text.
"The author investigates proofs of correctness of realistic security protocols in a formal, intuitive setting. The protocols examined include Kerberos versions, smartcard protocols, non-repudiation pr
Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802–75) was a shoemaker's son whose fascination with physics led him to become one of the most celebrated scientists and inventors of his time. Apprenticed to his uncle, a musical instrument manufacturer, Wheatstone studied the physics of sound, publishing his first scientific paper in 1823. He was the chief developer of telegraphy, inventing increasingly advanced instruments for transmitting and receiving information. Telegraphy revolutionized communication in the Victorian era, eventually making almost instantaneous global communication possible. This collection of Wheatstone's works, first published in 1879, spans his entire career and includes fully illustrated details of many of his pioneering inventions. His broad-ranging research led to numerous important advances; those in telegraphy and cryptography were still in military use as late as the Second World War. This collection is a valuable source for the history of science, and a fitting tribute to Wheat
The multidisciplinary field of quantum computing strives to exploit some of the uncanny aspects of quantum mechanics to expand our computational horizons. Quantum Computing for Computer Scientists takes readers on a tour of this fascinating area of cutting-edge research. Written in an accessible yet rigorous fashion, this book employs ideas and techniques familiar to every student of computer science. The reader is not expected to have any advanced mathematics or physics background. After presenting the necessary prerequisites, the material is organized to look at different aspects of quantum computing from the specific standpoint of computer science. There are chapters on computer architecture, algorithms, programming languages, theoretical computer science, cryptography, information theory, and hardware. The text has step-by-step examples, more than two hundred exercises with solutions, and programming drills that bring the ideas of quantum computing alive for today's computer scienc
This is a self-contained 2010 account of the state of the art in classical complex multiplication that includes recent results on rings of integers and applications to cryptography using elliptic curves. The author is exhaustive in his treatment, giving a thorough development of the theory of elliptic functions, modular functions and quadratic number fields and providing a concise summary of the results from class field theory. The main results are accompanied by numerical examples, equipping any reader with all the tools and formulas they need. Topics covered include: the construction of class fields over quadratic imaginary number fields by singular values of the modular invariant j and Weber's tau-function; explicit construction of rings of integers in ray class fields and Galois module structure; the construction of cryptographically relevant elliptic curves over finite fields; proof of Berwick's congruences using division values of the Weierstrass p-function; relations between ell
Concrete Abstract Algebra develops the theory of abstract algebra from numbers to Gröbner bases, whilst taking in all the usual material of a traditional introductory course. In addition there is a rich supply of topics like cryptography, factoring algorithms for integers, quadratic residues, finite fields, factoring algorithms for polynomials and systems of non-linear equations. A special feature is that Gröbner bases do not appear as an isolated example. They are fully integrated as a subject that can be successfully taught in an undergraduate context. Lauritzen's approach to teaching abstract algebra is based on an extensive use of examples, applications and exercises. The basic philosophy is that inspiring, non-trivial applications and examples give motivation and ease the learning of abstract concepts. This book is built on several years of experience teaching introductory abstract algebra at Aarhus, where the emphasis on concrete and inspiring examples has improved student perfor
This is a comprehensive description of the cryptographic hash function BLAKE, one of the five final contenders in the NIST SHA3 competition, and of BLAKE2, an improved version popular among developers
This book focuses on protocols and constructions that make good use of the building blocks for symmetric cryptography. The book brings under one roof, several esoteric strategies of utilizing symmetri
Boolean functions are perhaps the most basic objects of study in theoretical computer science. They also arise in other areas of mathematics, including combinatorics, statistical physics, and mathematical social choice. The field of analysis of Boolean functions seeks to understand them via their Fourier transform and other analytic methods. This text gives a thorough overview of the field, beginning with the most basic definitions and proceeding to advanced topics such as hypercontractivity and isoperimetry. Each chapter includes a 'highlight application' such as Arrow's theorem from economics, the Goldreich–Levin algorithm from cryptography/learning theory, Håstad's NP-hardness of approximation results, and 'sharp threshold' theorems for random graph properties. The book includes roughly 450 exercises and can be used as the basis of a one-semester graduate course. It should appeal to advanced undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in computer science theory and related mat
Following the success of The Quantum Universe, first published in 1987, a host of exciting new discoveries have been made in the field of quantum mechanics. The New Quantum Universe provides an up-to-date and accessible introduction to the essential ideas of quantum physics, and demonstrates how it affects our everyday life. Quantum mechanics gives an understanding of not only atoms and nuclei, but also all the elements and even the stars. The book explains quantum paradoxes and the eventful life of Schroedinger's Cat, along with the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox and Bell's Inequality. It then looks ahead to the nanotechnology revolution, describing quantum cryptography, quantum computing and quantum teleportation, and ends with an account of quantum mechanics and science fiction. Using simple non-mathematical language, this book is suitable for final-year school students, science undergraduates, and anyone wishing to appreciate how physics allows the new technologies that are chang
This is the first book devoted to quantum state diffusion (QSD) and its applications to open quantum systems and to the foundations of quantum mechanics. Experiments with detailed control over individual quantum systems have changed the face of quantum physics. These systems include atoms at the low temperatures attained by the 1997 Nobel Laureates, they include entangled photons in cavities, and they include the quantum systems used in new and future technologies like quantum cryptography and quantum computation. The experiments have led to a revival of interest in the foundations of quantum mechanics. QSD is used both as a theoretical and computational tool to study these systems, and as the basis of new approaches to the foundations. The book will interest graduate students and researchers in quantum mechanics and its applications, including quantum optics, quantum statistics, the philosophy of quantum theory and theoretical molecular biology.
The British Combinatorial Conference is an established biennial international gathering. This volume contains the invited papers presented, by several distinguished mathematicians, at the 1985 conference. The papers cover a broad range of combinatorial topics, including cryptography, greedy algorithms, graph minors, flows through random networks, (0, 1)-distance problems, irregularities of point distributions and reconstruction of infinite graphs.
This book is the first to develop a systematized approach for the comparison and evaluation of secure deletion solutions. The book focuses on novel secure deletion solutions targeting specific real-wo
This book offers an introduction to cryptology, the science that makes secure communications possible, and addresses its two complementary aspects: cryptography—--the art of making secure building blo
A comprehensive monograph on experimental visual artist Guy de Cointet. French artist Guy de Cointet’s experimental art used a combination of cryptography, typography, hieroglyphics, and tropes in vis
