光波導模式：偏振、耦合與對稱(影印版)（簡體書）

導波光學是現代光電子學的重要基礎之一，光導纖維和平板介質光波導已經成為以光纖通信為代表的光信息技術的關鍵器件，獲得了長足的發展。《國外信息科學與技術優秀圖書系列·光波導模式：偏振、耦合與對稱（影印版）》是關於波導模式對稱性分析的學術專著。在簡要介紹傳統導波光學內容的基礎上，重點以光波導弱導微擾理論和群論作為理論分析手段，對單模和少模光波導，特別是單芯和多芯光纖的導波模式結構和分類進行了系統的介紹，並討論了模式對稱性分析方法對週期結構，非線性波導和光子晶體等複雜波導結構的應用。該書的理論描述簡潔，適合於具有較好的電磁理論基礎，並對導波光學理論和群論有一定瞭解的科研人員。·

張士宏，1999年8月以來任中國科學院金屬研究所研究員、博士生導師，2001年11月以來任中國科學院精密銅管工程研究中心主任。全國塑性工程學會副理事長及國際合作工作委員會主任，遼寧省塑性工程學會副理事長，全國板成形研究會CDDRG副秘書長，NUMIFORM2013國際學術會議主席，國際塑性加工學術大會ICTP學術委員會委員。大連理工大學兼職教授。1998年入選中國科學院“百人計劃”及“引進國外傑出人才”項目， 2004年3月獲得河南省“傑出人才創新基金”，2007年12月入選遼寧省“百千萬人才工程”百人層次。·

《光波導模式:偏振、耦合與對稱(影印版)》利用群論作為理論分析工具，系統地闡明了光學波導模式結構與結構對稱性間的關系，內容非常新穎，并且有相當的理論深度。在寫作上特別注意避免復雜的數學推導，力圖以圖表等直觀形式表達理論分析的過程和結論。《光波導模式:偏振、耦合與對稱(影印版)》提供了大量參考文獻，較全面地覆蓋了光學波導群論分析發展過程中的重要原始資料，是讀者在該領域繼續深造的寶貴參考。

PREFACE　xi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Modes
1.2 Polarization Dependence of Wave Propagation
1.3 Weak-Guidance Approach to Vector Modes
1.4 Group Theory for Waveguides
1.5 Optical Waveguide Modes: A Simple Introduction
1.5.1 Ray Optics Description
1.5.2 Wave Optics Description
1.5.3 Adiabatic Tra itio　and Coupling
1.6 Outline and Major Results
Chapter 2 Electromagnetic Theory for Anisotropic Media and Weak Guidance for Longitudinally Invariant Fibe
2.1 Electrically Anisotropic （and Isotropic） Media
2.2 General Wave Equatio　for Electrically Anisotropic（and Isotropic） Media
2.3 Tra lational Invariance and Modes
2.4 Wave Equatio　for Longitudinally Invariant Media
2.4.1 General Anisotropic Media
2.4.2 Anisotropic Media with z-Aligned Principal Axis
2.4.3 "Diagonal" Anisotropies
2.5 Tra ve e Field Vector Wave Equation for Isotropic Media
2.6 Scalar Wave Equation
2.7 Weak-Guidance Expa ion for Isotropic Media
2.8 Polarization-Dependent Mode Splitting and Field Correctio
2.8.1 Fi t-Order Eigenvalue Correction
2.8.2 Fi t-Order Field and Higher-Order Correctio
2.8.3 Simplificatio　Due to Symmetry
2.9 Reciprocity Relatio　for Isotropic Media
2.10 Physical Properties of Waveguide Modes
Chapter 3 Circular Isotropic Longitudinally Invariant Fibe
3.1 Summary of Modal Representatio
3.1.1 Scalar and Pseudo-Vector Mode Sets
3.1.2 True Weak-Guidance Vector Mode Set Co tructio　Using Pseudo-Modes
3.1.3 Pictorial Representation and Notation Details
3.2 Symmetry Concepts for Circular Fibe : Scalar Mode Fields and Degeneracies
3.2.1 Geometrical Symmetry: C
3.2.2 Scalar Wave Equation Symmetry: CS
3.2.3 Scalar Modes: Basis Functio　of Irreps of CSv
3.2.4 Symmetry Tutorial: Scalar Mode Tra formatio
3.3 Vector Mode Field Co truction and Degeneracies via Symmetry
3.3.1 Vector Field
3.3.2 Polarization Vector Symmetry Group: C
3.3.3 Zeroth-Order Vector Wave Equation Symmetry:Cs　c
3.3.4 Pseudo-Vector Modes: Basis Functio　of Irreps of CSv　Cv
3.3.5 Full Vector Wave Equation Symmetry:CSv　Cv　CLv
3.3.6 True Vector Modes: Qualitative Features via CSv CPvD CIv
3.3.7 True Vector Modes via Pseudo-Modes: Basis Functio　ofCSv　Cv　CIv
3.4 Polarization-Dependent Level-Splitting
3.4.1 Fi t-Order Eigenvalue Correctio
3.4.2 Radial Profile-Dependent Polarization Splitting
3.4.3 Special Degeneracies and Shifts for Particular Radial Dependence of Profile
3.4.4 Physical Effects
Chapter 4 Azimuthal Symmetry Breaking
4.1 Principles
4.1.1 Branching Rules
4.1.2 Anticrossing and Mode Form Tra itio
4.2 C2v Symmetry: Elliptical （or Rectangular） Guides:Illustration of Method
4.2.1 Wave Equation Symmetries and Mode-Irrep Association
4.2.2 Mode Splittings
4.2.3 Vector Mode Form Tra formatio　for Competing Perturbatio
4.3 CBv Symmetry: Equilateral Triangular Deformatio
4.4 C4v Symmetry: Square Deformatio
4.4.1 Irreps and Branching Rules
4.4.2 Mode Splitting and Tra ition Co equences
4.4.3 Square Fiber Modes and Extra Degeneracies
4.5 Csv Symmetry: Pentagonal Deformatio
4.5.1 Irreps and Branching Rules
4.5.2 Mode Splitting and Tra ition Co equences
4.6 C6 Symmetry: Hexagonal Deformatio
4.6.1 Irreps and Branching Rules
4.6.2 Mode Splitting and Tra ition Co equences
4.7 Level Splitting Quantification and Field Correctio
Chapter 5 Birefringence: Linear, Radial, and Circular
5.1 Linear Birefringence
5.1.1 Wave Equatio : Longitudinal Invariance
5.1.2 Mode Tra itio : Circular Symmetry
5.1.3 Field Component Coupling
5.1.4 Splitting by xy of lsotropic Fiber Vector Modes Dominated by a-Splitting
5.1.5 Correspondence between Isotropic "True" Modes and Birefringent LP Modes
5.2 Radial Birefringence
5.2.1 Wave Equatio : Longitudinal Invariance
5.2.2 Mode Tra itio　for Circular Symmetry
5.3 Circular Birefringence
5.3.1 Wave Equation
5.3.2 Symmetry and Mode Splittings
Chapter 6 Multicore Fibe　and Multifiber Couple
6.1 Multilightguide Structures with Discrete Rotational Symmetry
6.1.1 Global Cnv Rotation-Reflection Symmetric Structures:Isotropic Materials
6.1.2 Global Cnv Symmetry: Material and Form Birefringence
6.1.3 Global Cn Symmetric Structures
6.2 General Supermode Symmetry Analysis
6.2.1 Propagation Co tant Degeneracies
6.2.2 Basis Functio　for General Field Co truction
6.3 Scalar Supermode Fields
6.3.1 Combinatio　of Fundamental Individual Core Modes
6.3.2 Combinatio　of Other Nondegenerate Individual Core Modes
6.3.3 Combinatio　of Degenerate Individual Core Modes
6.4 Vector Supermode Fields
6.4.1 Two Co truction Methods
6.4.2 Isotropic Cores: Fundamental Mode Combination Supermodes
6.4.3 Isotropic Cores: Higher-Order Mode Combination Supermodes
6.4.4 Anisotropic Cores: Discrete Global Radial Birefringence
6.4.5 Other Anisotropic Structures: Global Linear and Circular Birefringence
6.5 General Numerical Solutio　and Field Approximation Improvements
6.5.1 SALCs as Basis Functio　in General Expa ion
6.5.2 Variational Approach
6.5.3 Approximate SALC Expa io
6.5.4 SALC = Supermode Field with Numerical Evaluation of Sector Field Function
6.5.5 Harmonic Expa io　for Step Profile Cores
6.5.6 Example of Physical Interpretation of Harmonic Expa ion for the Supermodes
6.5.7 Modal Expa io
6.5.8 Relation of Modal and Harmonic Expa io　to SALC Expa io
6.5.9 Finite Claddings and Cladding Modes
6.6 Propagation Co tant Splitting: Quantification
6.6.1 Scalar Supermode Propagation Co tant Correctio
6.6.2 Vector Supermode Propagation Co tant Correctio
6.7 Power Tra fer Characteristics
6.7.1 Scalar Supermode Beating
6.7.2 Polarization Rotation
Chapter 7 Conclusio　and Exte io
7.1 Summary
7.2 Periodic Waveguides
7.3 Symmetry Analysis of Nonlinear Waveguides and Self-Guided Waves
7.4 Developments in the 1990s and Early Twenty-Fi t Century
7.5 Photonic Computer-Aided Design （CAD） Software
7.6 Photonic Crystals and Quasi Crystals
7.7 Microstructured, Photonic Crystal, or Holey Optical Fibe
7.8 Fiber Bragg Gratings
7.8.1 General FBGs for Fiber Mode Conve ion
7.8.2 （Short-Period） Reflection Gratings for Single-Mode Fibe
7.8.3 （Long-Period） Mode Conve ion Tra mission Gratings
7.8.4 Example: LPol--LPn Mode-Converting Tra mission FBGs for Two-Mode Fibe　（TMFs）
7.8.5 Example: LPol（--LPo2 Mode-Converting Tra mission FBGs
Appendix Group Representation Theory
A.1 Preliminaries: Notation, Groups, and Matrix Representatio
of Them
A.1.1 Induced Tra formatio　on Scalar Functio
A.1.2 Eigenvalue Problems: Invariance and Degeneracies
A.1.3 Group Representatio
A.1.4 Matrix Irreducible Matrix Representatio
A.1.5 Irrep Basis Functio
A.1.6 Notation Conventio
A.2 Rotation-Reflection Groups
A.2.1 Symmetry Operatio　and Group Definitio
A.2.2 Irreps for C and Cnv
A.2.3 Irrep Notation
A.3 Reducible Representatio　and Branching Rule
Coefficients via Characte
A.3.1 Example Branching Rule for Cv D C2v
A.3.2 Branching Rule Coefficients via Characte
A.4 Clebsch-Gordan Coefficient for Changing Basis
A.5 Vector Field Tra formation
REFERENCES
INDEX
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Coupled Parallel Waveguides
In the case of Fig. 1.8（c）, although the total structure is longitudi- nally invariant, excitation of the fundamental mode of one of the guides, i.e., a substructure mode, corresponds to excitation of two normal modes of the total structure, i.e., two supermodes, each of which have different phase velocities and thus beat along the two- waveguide structure resulting in oscillation of light between the two waveguides. Determination of the supermodes of multiwave guide or multicore structures is the subject of Chap. 6.
1.6OUTLINE ANDMAJORRESULTS
The material in the remainder of the book is organized as below.
Chapter 2 develops the basic wave equations and parame- ters using the weak guidance formalism for longitudinally invariant optical waveguides.
Chapters 3 to 5 discuss single-core fibers （circular, Cnv symmetric and anisotropic） and lay the foundation for analysis of multicore fibers in Chap. 6.
Chapter 7 discusses longitudinal variations and recent developments.
In more detail, the major themes and result highlights are as follows.
In Chap. 3, we illustrate the consequences of symmetry using a group theoretic approach in degeneracy determi- nation and field construction of different modes of circu- larly symmetric fibers （including the circularly polarized （CP） representation）.
For each scalar mode Ψ01, Ψ11 （even and odd）, Ψ21 （even and odd）, Ψ02, etc., there are two linearly polarized pseudo vector modes: x and y polarized LP01’LP11（even and odd）, LP21 （even and odd）, LP02’etc.
Symmetry shows that when coupling of field components is considered, the correspondence with the true vector modes is LP01 → HE11→ LP11→ TE01’TM01’ HE21’ LP21→ EH11’ HE31’etc., where HE and EH modes are hybrid modes with nonzero longitudinal field components,TE（transverse electric）modes have zero longitudinal elec—tric field components and TM（transverse magnetic）modes.