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本系列AP考試叢書引進自美國知名教育出版公司McGraw-Hill Education,由AP考試相關領域專家編寫,是美國本土大學課堂使用教材,可以幫助考生提前適應全英學習模式。此系列中,AP各學科分冊緊扣考試命題特點,以“五步”方案為學習框架,囊括與考試相關的學科要點。同時,還精選針對性練習以及全真模擬試題,配以準確答案和詳盡解析,利于考生鞏固所學,緊抓重點,取得高分。
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名人/編輯推薦
要想在AP物理考試中表現優秀,就要仔細閱讀這本書,認真學習AP物理課程中的全部知識。
目次
1 How to Approach Your AP Physics Course,
Ignore Your Grade,
Don’t Bang Your Head Against a Brick Wall,
Work with Other People,
Ask Questions When Appropriate,
Keep an Even Temper,
Don’t Cram,
Never Forget, Physics is “Phun,”
2 What You Need to Know About the AP Physics Exam,
Background Information,
Some Frequently Asked Questions About the AP Physics B C Exams,
3 How to Plan Your Time,
Specific Advice for Physics B Students: What Should I Study?,
Important Advice for Physics C Students,
STEP 1 Set Up Your Study Program
1 How to Approach Your AP Physics Course,
Ignore Your Grade,
Don’t Bang Your Head Against a Brick Wall,
Work with Other People,
Ask Questions When Appropriate,
Keep an Even Temper,
Don’t Cram,
Never Forget, Physics is “Phun,”
2 What You Need to Know About the AP Physics Exam,
Background Information,
Some Frequently Asked Questions About the AP Physics B & C
Exams,
3 How to Plan Your Time,
Specific Advice for Physics B Students: What Should I Study?,
Important Advice for Physics C Students,
Calendar for Each Plan,
STEP 2 Determine Your Test Readiness
4 Fundamentals Quizzes,
Mechanics Quiz,
Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Quiz,
Electricity and Magnetism Quiz,
Waves, Optics, Atomic and Nuclear Physics Quiz,
Answers to Mechanics Quiz,
Answers to Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Quiz,
Answers to Electricity and Magnetism Quiz,
Answers to Waves, Optics, and Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Quiz,
What Do I Know, and What Don’t I Know?,
5 Take a Diagnostic Test,
Diagnostic Test,
Answers and Explanations,
Interpretation: How Ready Are You?,
STEP 3 Develop Strategies for Success
6 Memorizing Equations in the Shower,
Can You Ace This Quiz?,
So, How Did You Do?,
Equations Are Crucial,
What About the Free-Response Section?,
Treat Equations Like Vocabulary,
Answer Key to Practice Quiz,
7 How to Approach Each Question Type,
How to Approach the Multiple-Choice Section,
How to Approach the Free-Response Section,
Lab Questions,
8 Extra Drill on Difficult but Frequently Tested Topics,
Tension,
The Answers,
Electric and Magnetic Fields,
The Answers,
Inclined Planes,
The Answers,
Motion Graphs,
The Answers,
Simple Circuits,
The Answers,
STEP 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High
9 A Bit About Vectors,
Scalars,
Vector Basics,
Graphic Representation of Vectors,
Vector Components,
Adding Vectors,
Practice Problems,
Solutions to Practice Problems,
10 Free-Body Diagrams and Equilibrium,
What Is a Free-Body Diagram?,
Equilibrium,
Normal Force,
Tension,
Friction,
Inclined Planes,
Torque,
Of Special Interest to Physics C Students,
Practice Problems,
Solutions to Practice Problems,
Rapid Review,
11 Kinematics,
Velocity, Acceleration, and Displacement,
Fundamental Kinematics Equations,
Kinematics Problem-Solving,
Freefall,
Projectile Motion,
Motion Graphs,
Of Special Interest to Physics C Students,
Practice Problems,
Solutions to Practice Problems,
Rapid Review,
12 Newton’s Second Law, Fnet = ma,
The Four-Step Problem-Solving Process,
Only Net Force Equals ma,
FNET on Inclines,
FNET for a Pulley,
Newton’s Third Law,
Of Special Interest to Physics C Students,
Practice Problems,
Solutions to Practice Problems,
Rapid Review,
13 Momentum,
Momentum and Impulse,
Conservation of Momentum,
Elastic and Inelastic Collisions,
Two-Dimensional Collisions,
Of Special Interest to Physics C Students,
Practice Problems,
Solutions to Practice Problems,
Rapid Review,
14 Energy Conservation,
Kinetic Energy and the Work–Energy Theorem,
Potential Energy,
Conservation of Energy: Problem-Solving Approach,
Springs,
Power,
Of Special Interest to Physics C Students,
Practice Problems,
Solutions to Practice Problems,
Rapid Review,
15 Gravitation and Circular Motion,
Velocity and Acceleration in Circular Motion,
Centripetal Acceleration,
Mass on a String,
Car on a Curve,
Newton’s Law of Gravitation,
Of Special Interest to Physics C Students,
Practice Problems,
Solutions to Practice Problems,
Rapid Review,
16 Rotational Motion (for Physics C Students Only),
17 Simple Harmonic Motion,
18 Thermodynamics (for Physics B Students Only),
19 Fluid Mechanics (for Physics B Students Only),
20 Electrostatics,
21 Circuits,
22 Magnetism,
23 Waves,
24 Optics (for Physics B Students Only),
25 Atomic and Nuclear Physics (for Physics B Students Only),
STEP 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence
Physics B—Practice Exam—Multiple-Choice Questions,
Physics B—Practice Exam—Free-Response Questions,
Physics B—Practice Exam—Multiple-Choice Solutions,
Physics B—Practice Exam—Free-Response Solutions,
Physics C—Mechanics Practice Exam—Multiple-Choice Questions,
Physics C—Mechanics Practice Exam—Free-Response Questions,
Physics C—Electricity and Magnetism Practice Exam—Multiple-Choice
Questions,
Physics C—Electricity and Magnetism Practice Exam—Free-Response
Questions,
Physics C—Mechanics Practice Exam—Multiple-Choice Solutions,
Physics C—Electricity and Magnetism Practice Exam—Multiple-Choice
Solutions,
Physics C—Practice Exam—Free-Response Solutions,
Appendixes
Constants,
Physics B Equations,
Physics C Equations,
Four-Minute Drill Prompts,
Web Sites,
Glossary,
Bibliography,
書摘/試閱
A common AP question, then, gives momentum ofan object as a function oftime, and asks you to take the derivative to Fmd the force on the object.
Its also useful to understand this calculus graphically Given a graph ofmomentum vs.time, the slope of the tangent to the graph gives the force at that point in time.Given a graph of force vs.time,ut~eerarea under that graph is impulse, or change in momentum during that time interval.
Motion of the Center of Mass
The center of mass ofa system ofobjects obeys Newtons second law.Two common examples might illustrate the point:
(1) Imagine that an astronaut on a spacewalk throws a rope around a small asteroid, and then pulls the asteroid toward him.Where will the asteroid and the astronaut collide?
Answer: at the center ofmass.Since no forces acted except due to the astronaut and asteroid, the center of mass must have no acceleration.The center of mass started at rest, and stays at rest, all the way until the objects collide.
(2) A toy rocket is in projectile motion, so that it is on track to land 30 m from itslaunch point.While in the air, the rocket explodes into two identical pieces, one of which lands 35 m from the launch point.Where does the first piece land?
Answer: 25 m from the launch point.Since the only external force acting on therocket is gravity, the center ofmass must stay in projectile motion, and must land 30m from the launch point.The two pieces are ofequal mass, so if one is 5 m beyondthe center ofmasss landing point, the other piece must be 5 m short of that point.
Finding the Center of Mass Usually the location of the center of mass (cm) is pretty obvious …… the formal equationfor the cm of several objects is Multiply the mass ofeach object by its position, and divide by the total mass M, and voila,you have the position of the center of mass.What this tells you is that the cm of several equal-mass objects is right in between them; if one mass is heavier than the others, the cmis closer to the heavy mass.
Very rarely, you might have to Find the center ofmass ofa continuous body (like a baseball bat) using calculus.The formula is Do not use this equation unless (a) you have plenty of extra time to spend, and (b) you know exactly what youre doing.In the highly unlikely event its necessary to use this equation to find a center of mass, you will usually be betrer offjust guessing at the answer and moving on to the rest of the problem.(If you want to find out how to do such a problem thoroughly, consult your textbook.This is not something worth reviewing if you dont know how to do it already).
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