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《漢語違實成分研究》對漢語違實意義的實現進行了探討。作者王宇嬰首先歸納和整理了對違實義有直接或者間接貢獻的詞彙結構和句法表達，包括時間因素、假設連詞、否定詞、反義疑問句、人稱代詞等，在對他們的作用從語義、語用角度進行分析的基礎上，對違實義推導過程做概括性的描述，證明可以通過三層語境實現。 王宇嬰，女，生於浙江嘉興，現執教於澳門理工學院語言暨翻譯高等學校，博士。研究領域是形式語義學、語用學，口譯理論與實踐。現階段主要從事漢語反事實條件句的研究。
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《漢語違實成分研究》由中國社會科學出版社出版。
目次
Foreword
List of Abbreviations
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1.1 Theories of Conditionals and CFCs
1.2 Goals of This Book
1.3 Some Basic Concepts of Conditionals
1.3.1 Various Conditionals
1.3.2 Examining the Grammatical Features of Conditionals
1.4 Structure of This Book
CHAPTER TWO A SURVEY OF CONDITIONALS AND CFCS IN CHINESE
2. 1 Chinese Conditionals
2.1.1 Conditionals vs. Hypotheticals:A New Definition
2.1.2 Subclassification of Conditionals
2.1.3 Chinese and English Conditionals
2.1.3.1 Chinese Donkey Sentences
2.1.3.2 Tense Expressions
2.1.4 Some Grammatical Features of Conditionals in Chinese
2.1.4.1 Hypothetical Conjunctions
2.1.4.2 The Components of a Conditional
2.1.4.3 Subjectivity in Conditionals
2.1.4.4 Conditional as a Typical Irrealis Modal Sentence
2.2 Some Basic Concepts about CFCs
2.2.1 Definitions
2.2.2 CF Sentence as Subjectivised Construction
2.2.3 Modality and CFC
CHAPTER THREE LITERATURE REVIEW
3.1 Early Stage（before 1980s）
3.2 Middle Stage（mid 1980s to early 2000s）
3.2.1 Guohua Chen（1988）and Yan Jiang（2000）
3.2.2 Weixian Wang et a1.（1994），Fuyi Xing（2001） and Jiaxuan Shen（2003）
3.3 Recent Stage（Since the beginning of the 2 1 st century till now
3.3.1 Realis VS.Irrealis―Xiaoying Luo（2006），Min Li（2006），Xiaoling Wang（2007），Xueping Zhang（2008）
3.3.2 Psychological Experimental Approach
3.3.3 Linguistic Approach（Yaoshi（要是）VS.Yaobushi（要不是）一Yuying Su（2008））
CHAPTER FOUR CF INGREDIENTS（I）：TEMPORAL EXPRESSIONS
4.1 A Brief Review of the Previous Studies on Temporal Structure in Chinese
4.1.1 Tripartite Temporal Structure―Ping Chen（1988）
4.1.2 Formal Approaches―Yan Jiang&Haihua Pan（2005）
4.1.3 Temporal Reference―Yang Gu（2007）
4.1.4 Relevance-Account of le（了）and guo（過）一Ljungqvist（2007）
4.2 An Analysis Based on Tripartite Temporal System
4.2.1 Phase
4.2.2 Aspect
4.2.3 Tense
4.3 More on Temporal Anchoring
4.4 Interim Summary
CHAPTER FIVE CF INGREDIENTS（II）
5.1 Hypothetical Conjunctions
5.1.1 Ruguo（如果）（Yaoshi（要是），Yao（要），Jiaru（假如），Jiashi（假使），Jiashe（假設），Tangruo（倘若），Ruruo（如若），Sheruo（設若），etc.）
5.1.2 Yaobushi（要不是）（Ruofei（若非），Ruobushi（若不是），Ruguobushi（如果不是），etc.）
5.1.3 Wanyi（萬一）
5.1.4 A Brief Summary
5.1.5 CF Sentences Without C0njunctions
5.2 Negation
5.3 Personal Pronouns
5.4 Rhetorical Questions
5.5 CF Enhancers
5.6 Summary
CHAPTER SIX GENERATING COUNTERFACTUALITY IN MANDARIN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
6.1 Context Determinism vs. Ingredient Determinism
6.2 Minimalism, Contextualism and Indexicalism
6.3 A Three-Layer Context System
6.3.1 CF Ingredients:Local Context
6.3.1.1 CF Ingredients Revisited
6.3.1.2 Numbers Talk
6.3.1.3 Working Mechanism
6.3.2 Protasis and Apodosis:Compound Sentence Context
6.3.2.1 Binding Argument
6.3.2.2 From Protasis to Apodosis:A Process of Saturation
6.3.3 Macro Context
6.3.4 Interaction of Three Layers of Contexts
CHAPTER SEVEN CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
7.1 More on the Interpretational System
7.2 Recapitulation
7.3 Suggestions for Future Research
REFERENCES
APPENDIX I
APPENDIX II
APPENDIX III
APPENDIX IV
APPENDIX V
Acknowledgements
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Another important theory for CFC is possible worlds semantics.lt is Leibniz who first proposed a coherent possible world theory( Russse11,1937).Although his" possible world" was not used in the research of modal logic,but rather referred to the ideas in the mind of God,it has given great inspiration to the development of semantics for modal logic.
Since then,possible worlds semantics has been widely used to explain some important philosophical concepts,such as CFs,modality,possibility and necessity.The basic ideas behind the possible worlds semantics contain maninly two points.First,possible worlds are used as part of truth-value semantics for modal notion.Secondly,in the possible worlds semantics,propositions are either true or false in or at possible worlds( Girle,2003).That is to say, the truth of a proposition depends on the possible world it is in.
The modern philosophical use of the notion was pioneered by Stalnaker (1968) and Lewis ( 1973 ) .Stalnaker ( 1968 ) claims that to determine the truth value of a conditional sentence,it is sufficient to consider the truth value of the protasis and the apodosis in one possible world,one in which the protasis proposition is true and at the same time is the most similar to the actual world.So the conditional is true if the apodosis is also true in that possible world.Otherwise it is false.Stalnakers theory successfully avoids the three CF fallacies by considering different sets of worlds when evaluating different conditional sentences.His theory is characterized by the uniqueness assumption,which refers to his proposal that there is only one possible world which can satisfy the apodosis and is most similar to the actual world.
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